生存性权利优先于经营性权利——评司法解释《最高人民法院关于建设工程价款优先受偿权问题的批复》第2条

本文旨在分析我国在实际立法中所确立的建设工程价款的优先受偿权制度,以完善立法为目的,从其构成要件、性质和适用及其与商品房买受人享有的权利比较等角度出发分析该项权利,并以德、日等国家的法律为借鉴,提出建立以物权法理论为基础的优先权制度的探讨意见,以求教于专家与同行。     

在意思自治与法律强制之间——关于物权法定原则的思考

物权法定原则是物权法的一项古老原则,曾被认为是我国制定物权法立法过程中最少争议的原则。但一段时间以来,对该原则的质疑多了起来,有人认为物权法定原则造成了物权体系的封闭和僵化,限制了当事人的意思自治。客观地说,在目前,坚持物权法定比允许物权自由创设更符合我国的实际需要,能够更有效地保证交易安全和交易迅捷,有效地控制交易成本,从而提高资源的配置效率。     

Development and validation of the Cozart DDS oral fluid collection device

The testing of oral fluid for drugs of abuse has increased significantly over recent years and is now commonplace in drug rehabilitation clinics, the workplace, prisons and custody suites. The global problem of identifying drugged drivers has also led to an increase in oral fluid testing at the roadside. The main requirements for the implementation of roadside drug testing are a rapid sample collection time, collection of a known sample volume and recovery of drugs from the collection device. We report here the development of the Cozart^® DDS oral fluid collector, an oral fluid collector that combines rapid and adequate sample collection with satisfactory drug recovery. Oral fluid was collected from drug users (n = 134) and drug-free individuals (n = 137), using the Cozart^® DDS oral fluid collector. The mean time for the completion of collection (full coloration of the sample presence indicator) was 34 s for drug-free individuals and 44 s for drug users. The average volume collected was 0.34 mL (n = 271). No chemical stimulant (to induce salivation) was used to achieve the collection times observed in either the drug-free or the drug-taking sample populations. Drugs were extracted from the collector using the Cozart^® DDS buffer and drug recovery was determined by Cozart^® enzyme immunoassays. The recovery studies showed that for amphetamine, Δ⁹THC, cocaine, methadone, methamphetamine, morphine and temazepam over 90% of the drug in the sample was eluted from the collector. The Cozart^® DDS oral fluid collector provides a reliable mechanism for the collection of oral fluid at the roadside that achieves the rapid collection times required.     

死后不同时间大鼠心肌膈肌β肌动蛋白mRNA的检测

目的探讨死后不同时间心肌和膈肌β肌动蛋白mRNA(β-actin mRNA)的降解变化。方法大鼠断颈处死后置于21℃的温度控制系统,采用RT-PCR技术检测大鼠心肌和膈肌组织-βactin mRNA在死后即刻至12d的变化,并对电泳图像进行半定量分析。结果在死后即刻,以及保存2,4,6,8,10,12d的大鼠心肌组织样本中均可检测到β-actin mRNA,而膈肌组织仅在死后即刻和保存2,4,6d的样本中检测到-βactin mRNA;-βactin mRNA的扩增产物在死后12d内呈下降趋势。结论RT-PCR技术检测大鼠心肌和膈肌组织中的β-actin mRNA,其在死后12d内的降解呈现一定规律。     

转型时期制约行政监督效能提升的主体因素

本文分析了转型时期制约行政监督效能提升的五个主体因素，即效能理念、专业人才、策略运用、资源建设和有效管理，在此基础上对转型时期如何提升行政监督效能提出了相应的对策。     

The Development of EU-Russian Relations

The EU＇s strategy for Russia since the end of the cold war has to a large extent failed, and the direct consequences are the currently deadlocked EU-Russia relationship. There are three reasons for this： the EU and Russia＇s respective strength and status relative to each other have been changing since the beginning of this century; the EU＇s strategy towards Russia has been more fragmenting in recently years; and the American factor. The EU-Russia relations could continue to be in poor shape in the years to come, and it is very likely sometimes even further worsening. But the two sides would refrain from extreme measures and prevent their relations from sliding into real cold war.     

中国土地承包经营权设立登记评析

土地承包经营权是中国特有的不动产用益物权,其设立的公示方式实际上采用了动产的公示方式。土地承包经营权的设立登记无法归入任何一种现有物权登记模式,本质上属于一种行政管理登记。由于涉及土地承包经营权互换、转让的变更登记属于典型的物权登记,中国《物权法》中的登记概念并不具有同一性。     

不动产交易信息披露义务研究——基础框架的设定

信息披露在不动产交易中具有非常重要的地位,在世界范围内也是一个复杂的难题。通常来说,信息披露义务的根据具有多元性,既包括效率也包括道德和政策。而信息披露义务的设定必须考虑多种因素,如信息的性质、信息取得的社会价值、信息主体等,该义务的设定必须实现一般原则和例外规定的统一。信息披露的范围极可能是内在于不动产也可能是外在于不动产,法律对两者的态度不完全一致。而违反信息披露义务则可能适用错误、欺诈、显失公平甚或违约规则进行处理。     

论《物权法》中强制转让物权的法律维度

任何有物权立法之国家均无法回避物权强制转让的内容。依法律规则和法定程序发生的物权强制转让并不违背私法意思自治原则,相反,是对意思自治原则并无绝对性的最佳注释。强制转让物权必须注意强制转让与规则之间的关系、强制转让与权利实现目的之间的关系。鉴于强制转让物权是对权利人意思自治的限制,故物权的强制转让之发生应当具有一定的前提,即权利人行使权利的意志与公共利益发生了冲突。这意味着只有当权利人行使自己之物权与公共利益发生冲突时,方产生物权被按照法律规则进行强制转移的可能。物权的强制转让具有其一般条件和限制,它们与物权转让发生之前提共同构成了强制转让物权法律维度的主要内容。     

单位犯罪之恒定与代罚制之检讨

97《刑法》明确规定了单位犯罪,但是对于单位犯罪的理论争议并未消解于立法的＂一锤定音＂。单位犯罪的立法化使社会存在转化为法律存在,其乃社会发展之必然结果。单位犯罪之肯定首先在于民法上肯定单位的权利能力与行为能力以及法律对这种实在的拟制。但是,单位犯罪单罚制中代罚制所带来的不当后果,乃我们无法回避的现实与理论问题。对此,应当进行深入检讨。