Inhalant abuse detection and evaluation in young Tunisians

Occupational exposure biological monitoring techniques were applied for the diagnosis of inhalation abuse and for the evaluation of the levels of exposure to benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, and n-hexane, in 44 Tunisian adolescents and children suspected for volatile substance addiction. Urinary trans,trans-muconic acid, hippuric acid (HA), mandelic acid, and methylhippuric acids determinations were performed by high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, and urinary o-cresol (o-Cr) and 2,5-hexanedione (HD) were extracted simultaneously and measured using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Given the high linearity ranges, HD and o-Cr occupational exposure monitoring techniques could be applied without modification. However, urinary sample dilution was necessary before HA analysis. Concentrations were compared with the maxima of normal values (MNVs) in the general population and to the biological exposure indices (BEIs) used in occupational toxicology. Values as high as 6610-fold the MNV and 68 times the BEI were registered. The subjects showed high exposure to toluene and hexane. Measured metabolites HA and/or o-Cr and HD enabled the easy detection and evaluation of exposure levels. The problem of inhalant abuse should be given more attention and treated through an effective prevention strategy.     

民族地区实行人民监督员制度的理论探究

2010年10月26日最高检正式出台《关于实行人民监督员制度的规定》,标志着人民监督员制度从逐步试点时期开始转向全面实施。民族地区人民监督员制度的实行应依据最高检《规定》,并结合该地区的自然条件、文化传承、自治优势、业务开展等诸多因素,以创新和发展的理念,从选任方式、监督范围、监督程序、履职保障等方面进行改进、调整、规范和加强,从而切实保障人民监督员制度在民族地区的的全面推行。     

论请求权竞合时诉的客观合并之形态

为缓解“案多人少”矛盾,很有必要以妥当处理请求权竞合纠纷为切入点,拓展诉的客观合并制度的研究。与我国《民法典》第186条规范目的相符合的是请求权自由竞合说与择一实现说。依据实体法的规定、学说及我国诉讼标的理论、诉讼制度,诉讼实务中可能出现规模化的后续诉讼。诉的客观合并具有现实必要性和理论上的应然性。随着请求权竞合现象增多,为了充分保障当事人权利、一次性解决纠纷,应尽快确立完整的诉的客观合并制度。就诉的客观合并的具体形态而言,不宜以客观预备合并应对请求权观念竞合现象。请求权观念竞合时采竞合合并较为适宜。请求权现实竞合时可允许选择合并与客观预备合并。     

Android forensics: Automated data collection and reporting from a mobile device

In this research, a prototype enterprise monitoring system for Android smartphones was developed to continuously collect many data sets of interest to incident responders, security auditors, proactive security monitors, and forensic investigators. Many of the data sets covered were not found in other available enterprise monitoring tools. The prototype system neither requires root privileges nor the exploiting of the Android architecture for proper operation, thereby increasing interoperability among Android devices and avoiding a spyware classification for the system. An anti-forensics analysis on the system was performed to identify and further strengthen areas vulnerable to tampering. The contributions of this research include the release of the first open-source Android enterprise monitoring solution of its kind, a comprehensive guide of data sets available for collection without elevated privileges, and the introduction of a novel design strategy implementing various Android application components useful for monitoring on the Android platform.     

Recidivism among drug offenders: A survival analysis of the effects of offender characteristics,type of offense,and two types of intervention

The determinants of recidivism are increasingly becoming the focus of public concern. This study explores the relative effect of type of intervention, offender characteristics, and type of incident offense on time to a petition to revoke probation and time to a probation revocation. Our analysis of intervention effects includes both parametric and nonparametric estimation procedures. Estimating five distributional forms of survival and a proportional hazard model for each measure of recidivism, the analysis indicates no difference in the effect of a program of drug monitoring and treatment, compared to drug monitoring only, for either of the two measures of recidivism. In addition, findings indicate that younger offenders and African American offenders have a shorter time to a petition to revoke probation. We also found a reduced time to failure for a probation revocation for African American offenders and offenders with a prior arrest record. Our findings offer empirical support for a reconsideration of the type of intervention effective in deterring offenders while on probation.     

关于完善我国警务督察程序理念的法哲学思考

在一个法治社会,执法者只有遵循公正的程序执法,才能向公众昭示其行为是具有合法性和权威性的。所以,警务督察系统必须在遵循行政执法公开、参与、便民原则的基础上,从增强程序观念、加强对违反程序规定的监督和追究等方面来培育警务督察人员的执法程序化观念,从而使我国警务督察真正体现法治特性。     

Phenobarbital in hair and drug monitoring

Phenobarbital analysis was performed in vertex hair of patients by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). After washing with dichloromethane, about 250 mg were ground to dust in a ball mill. A 50-mg sample was stirred mechanically for 10 min with 3 ml of NH₄Cl/HCl buffer (pH 2.0) containing phenobarbital D₅. A solid phase extraction was performed (extrelut Merck) and elution was achieved with chloroform/isopropanol/n-heptane (50:17:33; v/v). A full scan (40–240 uma) acquisition was realized by GC/MS with an ion trap (ITD 700 Finnigan) using a DB5-MS chromatographic column. Quantification was achieved by integrating dominants ions (phenobarbital, 204; phenobarbital D₅, 209). Compared to serum, hair concentrates phenobarbital during anti-epileptic therapy (average value 36.4 ng/mg, n = 40 vs. 18.7 mg/l, n = 23). A group correlation exists between phenobarbital in hair and phenobarbital in serum, and between phenobarbital in hair and clinic observation in some typical cases. Phenobarbital in hair yields good information over a long period, especially when blood collection has not been made, when clinical disorders are observed on long-term therapeutic observance.     

人类学追踪调查的虚与实——重访南景村的思考

以“异文化”为研究对象的人类学,通过远足他乡的方式获得与“本文化”不同的知识与体验。这种取向不仅是专业训练的路径,也是人类学的认识论基础。对南景村的回访,重新思考了人类学村落研究的传统,以农民和村落的终结为逻辑起点,分析解读追踪调查的真义。研究者与被研究者把村庄和对村庄的想像连在一起,构成了“虚”、“实”相间的田野工作。     

浅谈中国古代监察制度与司法职业道德

我国古代非常重视官员的道德修养,历代监察制度中都对官员的道德标准提出了严格的要求,考察中国古代监察制度对司法职业道德建设有借鉴价值和警示意义。     

论犯罪现场重建理论的价值

现场重建理论体现出深刻的技术理性,引入与借鉴现场重建理论对增强我国侦查工作和侦查理论的科学性,乃至促进刑事司法改革都具有重要意义。要确认现场重建理论的价值,需要我们对传统的办案方式和侦查学理论进行深刻的理性自醒,并从刑事司法改革的高度予以审视。