The fabric of irregular labor migration in twentieth-century Western Europe and North America: a comparative approach*

Abstract

This paper investigates the role government policies and non-state actors have played in determining irregular migration in both Western Europe and North America. While immigration restriction is admitted to have generated illegality throughout the twentieth century, receiving-oriented regulatory policies have also produced flows of irregular migrants. Though differences in migration regimes should not be minimized, our primary intent is to highlight similarities in the way irregular migration was legally and politically produced in the post-World War II years. By focusing on the management of labor migration at that time, it is possible to understand how both the US and the main European receiving countries secured legal migrants rights at the same time as they created unintended irregularity by entering into international agreements. With a view to analyzing the determinants of labor migrant illegality in a comparative perspective, our paper examines the guestworker programs implemented throughout the Eastern and Western hemispheres in the labor shortage post-war years.     

国有企业应当好构建社会主义劳动关系的排头兵——坚持中国特色社会主义工会发展道路的必然选择

工会组织是劳动关系的主体一方,推进国有企业进一步当好建设社会主义劳动关系的排头兵,是坚持中国特色社会主义工会发展道路的必然选择.国有企业是社会主义制度的坚强基石,是国民经济中的主导力量.国有企业应当积极践行以人为本的科学发展观,应以劳动者是生产力第一要素为理念,在涉及职工切身利益的问题上建立健全共商共决机制,积极促进实现劳动者的体面劳动和全面发展,进一步当好构建社会主义劳动关系的排头兵,推动企业全面协调可持续发展.     

关于对利益受损职工补偿问题的思考

经济体制改革初期理论上的准备不足,使我们在公平与效率关系的认识上存在着片面性;既没有认识到效率与公平是不可分开的,又没有认识到效率不能长期脱离公平而独自提高,更不能自动转变为公平的实现.在改革的进程中,由于成本一收益的分布不对称,在社会上形成了改革受益和受损两个不同的利益群体.在今天社会财富有了较为丰富积累的前提下,对改革进程中的利益受损者,或者更准确地说对改革成本的承担者给予适量的补偿,是一件应该尽快提到议事日程的事情,也应是下一步经济体制改革的重要内容.     

区域性、行业性劳动争议调解制度研究

我国区域性、行业性劳动争议调解制度已经诞生,目前渊源主要体现为大量零散的部、省、市级行政性文件。区域性、行业性劳动争议调解组织工作成效显著,人民调解制度不妨碍区域性、行业性劳动争议调解的统一立法,统一立法能填补企业劳动争议调解委员会制度的作用盲区,统一立法的条件基本成熟,统一立法应当对区域性、行业性劳动争议调解组织设立的区域范围、三方组建原则、工作职责及具体程序规则等作出恰当规定。     

提高劳动报酬 促进经济平稳较快发展

扩大内需特别是消费需求是我国经济长期平稳较快发展的根本立足点,但30多年来我国经济发展过程中却长期存在过度依赖对外贸易、政府投资和廉价劳动力等问题,再加上我国劳动报酬的长期偏低且在GDP中的比例不断下降,致使扩大内需乏力,为此,有必要建立有助于劳动报酬稳步提高的工资制度,改变劳动报酬偏低的状况,促进经济平稳较快发展。     

论个别劳动关系向集体劳动关系的转型

目前我国劳动关系是以个别劳动关系为主。劳动者因为长期处于弱势地位,其劳动权利经常受侵犯。为了改变这种状况,出台了《劳动合同法》来保护劳动者,以实现劳资双方的和谐。然而这不过促进了个别劳动关系层面的和谐,集体劳动关系的和谐远未实现。目前劳动力市场的格局正在发生转变,劳动者逐渐重视集体维权,劳动关系也从个别劳动关系逐渐向集体劳动关系转变,集体劳动关系将成为今后劳动关系构建的重点发展方向。     

国有企业构建和谐劳动关系初探

社会管理创新的提出,使我们认真审视社会关系的协调与和谐,劳动关系是社会关系的表现形式之一,也是当前社会建设中极为重要的影响因素。随着国有企业改革的不断深化,原有的劳动关系形态发生了深刻变化,诸多不稳定因素在积聚。如何构建和谐劳动关系是每一位国有企业管理者和党政工团干部应该认真思考的一个问题。     

‘We Want Both!’: pressuring Philadelphia unions for inclusion and equity during the long 1970s

ABSTRACT

This article examines local labor insurgency in Philadelphia between the mid-1960s and mid-1980s. Drawing on alternative press sources, it traces the efforts of Black, Puerto Rican, and female workers to reshape their unions as stable employment opportunities declined. Across industries and job sites, workers pressured both their unions and their employers through public criticism, running slates of candidates in union elections, and taking part in picketing and wildcat strikes. Existing scholarship has privileged rank-and-file activism among White men focused on wages and working conditions. Enlarging our view to include a more representative workforce at the local level while following workers’ resistance forward through time recharacterizes the rank-and-file rebellion to include defiant, multiracial coalitions demanding progressive reform. That broader rebellion, in turn, challenges some long-held assumptions about US labor during the 1970s.     

ISA Presidential Selection: A Discussion of Alternatives

During fall 2000, all ISA members will be asked to vote on a set of changes to the association's constitution. Most of the proposed changes are required to bring ISA's constitution up to date with current practices and association circumstances (for example, instead of having only the Editor of ISQ as a member of the Governing Council, one of the proposed changes adds the Editors of ISR and ISP to the council). In the course of examining and reflecting on possible changes to the constitution, the ISA Governing Council discovered that there was controversy among its membership regarding how officers are elected. As a result of this discussion, the Governing Council voted to put a referendum before the membership concerning the election issue and the other requested constitutional changes (though only the officer election issue is discussed in the following pages). To ensure that all members of the association are aware of what the election issues are, we have asked members representing the various positions to discuss their views in the pages of ISP . In addition, Craig Murphy, 2000–2001 ISA President, has written an introduction to the election debate that is printed below. ISA members will be asked to choose between these options in a mail ballot this fall.     

论我国现阶段社会保险之特点

我国社会保险制度与发达国家相比,具备本身的个性特征：刚刚从劳动保险脱胎而来;保险对象从单一走向复合;险种较少;福利性较低;制度化水平不高。究其原因,主要有二：一是起步晚;二是国力不强。随着社会发展,国家富强,社会保险制度将日趋完善。