生态效益补偿机制及其立法思考

生态效益补偿机制是消除生态环境建设与保护中的负外部性的一种有效手段。生态效益补偿的含义和范围是实现生态效益补偿的基础。针对我国存在的立法问题,借鉴国外的实践经验,对我国生态效益补偿制度的建立提出几点建议。     

风险社会与侵权损害救济途径多元化

现代风险社会给人们带来更多的不确定性和不安全感,传统侵权法律制度在面对不断涌现的新型侵权行为以及灾难性、大规模的人身损害事故时存在局限性。对此,我国《侵权责任法》在功能定位、保障范围、加害事由、归责原则等方面的制度设计,对风险社会的现实状况和生活形态作出了回应,尤其强化了侵权法的救济功能。侵权法的这种制度变化改变了我国责任风险的原有形态;同时,在侵权法律体系内也不可能完全解决对受害人的赔偿和救济问题,由此给责任保险和社会保障制度提供了更大的发展空间。在以侵权法、责任保险和社会保障为主体的多元救济体系中,各项制度之间应注意协调,避免赔偿不足或赔偿过度。     

刑事司法解释中的"累犯加重犯"之研究

刑法学界普遍认为关于盗窃罪的司法解释规定了累犯加重处罚原则,违反了罪刑法定原则,侵犯了立法权,应该取消;从抽象的角度来看,司法解释立法化有我国宪法的依据;通过对法定刑的限度以及数额犯的反思,我们认为该司法解释并没有创设累犯加重处罚原则。     

回到中国——转轨经济法的存在及其价值

上世纪九十年代,中国经济法抛弃了早期的计划经济法范式,转向西方寻求资源,形成了市场经济法范式,认为经济法是弥补市场缺陷之法,而当下中国还处在计划权力经济向市场法治社会转轨过程中,中国的问题不是市场高度发达到出现了自身无法解决的缺陷,而是市场发育不全,经济发展处处受到权力因素的掣肘。市场经济法范式与转轨现实脱节,存在严重的正当性危机。如果要问中国法学向何处去?经济法学的回答是:回到中国,回到转轨现实。中国经济法学需要也正在进行第二次范式转换,转换到转轨经济法范式,推动权力经济向法治经济转轨。     

PAROLEE RECIDIVISM IN CALIFORNIA: THE EFFECT OF NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT AND SOCIAL SERVICE AGENCY CHARACTERISTICS*

We studied a sample of reentering parolees in California in 2005–2006 to examine whether the social structural context of the census tract, as well as nearby tracts, along with the relative physical closeness of social service providers affects serious recidivism resulting in imprisonment. We found that a 1 standard deviation increase in the presence of nearby social service providers (within 2 miles) decreases the likelihood of recidivating 41 percent and that this protective effect was particularly strong for African American parolees. This protective effect was diminished by overtaxed services (as proxied by potential demand). We found that higher concentrated disadvantage and social disorder (as measured by bar and liquor store capacity) in the tract increases recidivism and that higher levels of disadvantage and disorder in nearby tracts increase recidivism. A 1 standard deviation increase in the concentrated disadvantage of the focal neighborhood and the surrounding neighborhoods increases the likelihood of recidivating by 26 percent. The findings suggest that the social context to which parolees return (both in their own neighborhood and in nearby neighborhoods), as well as the geographic accessibility of social service agencies, play important roles in their successful reintegration.     

行政体制改革视阈下的公务员能力及提升途径

根据公务员的能力维度特点,必须健全组织人事工作机制,提升适应现代化水平;强化公务员培训机制,推行轮岗交流制度;健全考绩评价机制,全面提升行政效率水平。     

“开设赌场”适用中的若干问题研究

"开设赌场"是赌博罪的一种客观表现形式,是指行为人提供赌博的场所及用具供他人进行赌博,自己从中获利的行为。要求赌场必须为行为人所控制,具有一定的固定性。"开设赌场"可以通过传统的赌博机进行赌博,也可以通过网络进行赌博。开设赌场与提供棋牌室供人娱乐有着本质的区别。     

论青少年犯罪预防理论研究视角的根本转向——从犯罪原因到犯罪断念

断念是行为主体（特别是青少年越轨者或犯罪人）在一段稳定的时期内对犯罪偏好明显与确定的拒绝。现阶段犯罪预防措施主要通过控制青少年犯罪的原因来遏制青少年犯罪的增长趋势,绩效前景颇为黯淡。从聚焦于犯罪原因分析到致力于犯罪断念研究的战略性转向,将成为当代社会犯罪预防的重要突破。作为人生状态与行为过程的犯罪断念,在静态结构与动态运行的结合中发挥着青少年犯罪预防的积极效果。     

运动强度在体育活动中的定位

运动强度的合理运用在体育教学活动中起着极为重要的作用，因此，教师在体育课中一定要依科学参数为依据，合理、适中的定位学生的运动强度，增强教师的教学能力。     

Issues in Juvenile Program Implementation: A Case Study

Both adult and juvenile justice agencies seek to offer quality programs, but implementing a new program can be a difficult and daunting task. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the issues and concerns faced by one jurisdiction as a result of attempting to implement a new curfew check program. The goal is to share specific issues with general underlying solutions that may be utilized in other jurisdictions. An examination of the records of 79 juvenile offenders assigned to the program provides the information for this discussion. Results indicate that some basic assumptions of the program designers were incorrect, and that constant monitoring and the centralization of tasks were keys to program sustainability.