A Y-chromosome STR marker should be added to commercial multiplex STR kits

Abstract:  Autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) analysis has become highly relevant in the identification of victims from mass disasters and terrorist attacks. In such events, gender misidentification can be of grave consequences, yet the list reporting amelogenin amplification failure using STR multiplex kits continues to grow. Presented here are three such examples. In the first case, we present two male suspects who demonstrated amelogenin Y-deficient results using two commercial kit procedures. The presence of their Y chromosomes was proven by obtaining a Y-haplotype. The second case demonstrated a profile from a third male suspect where only the Y homolog of the XY pair was amplified. In events such as mass disasters or terrorist attacks, timely and reliable high throughput DNA typing results are essential. As the number of reported cases of amplification failure at the amelogenin gene continues to grow, we suggest that the incorporation of a better gender identification tool in commercial kits is crucial.     

保险合同解释中的合理期待原则探析

20世纪70年代,美国的基顿法官对合理期待原则做出了系统的阐释。随着时间的推移,越来越多的法院接受了合理期待原则,并将其作为保护被保险人利益的有力工具。从某种意义上讲,满足被保险人的合理期待作为一种新兴的法益思潮,体现了优先保护被保险人的立法精神,值得我们借鉴。     

美国法庭科学DNA标准物质

美国国家标准和技术研究所(NIST)的标准物质(SRM)目录中提供了5种人类DNA标准物质(SRM2390,2391,2391 a,2392,2395),这5种DNA标准物质可以为法庭科学DNA鉴定提供参考标准。本文介绍这5种DNA标准物质的组成和产生,以期为我国进行相关研究提供借鉴和参考。     

法院解释条约的原理与中国机制的构建

条约是公认的国际法,许多国家在司法实践中都将条约作为法院裁判案件的适用依据。但在我国,宪法并未规定条约在其中的地位,条约主要是立法转化适用而不是吸纳适用,其也不是行政诉讼案件的适用和参照依据。因此,有必要构建法院解释条约的机制,明确法院解释条约发生的条件,同时建立参照条约的个案解释方法,法院在个案审理中可以直接以非人权条约为适用依据来裁判案件,援引人权条约或者参照条约进行论证和说明理由。     

Parental reference photos do not always improve the accuracy of forensic age progressions

During long-term missing children cases, forensic artists construct age-progressions to estimate the child’s current appearance. It is commonly believed that incorporating information about the child’s biological relatives is critical in accurately estimating the child’s current appearance. However, some evidence suggests that predicting appearance based on inheritance of features may be error prone. The present studies examine whether age-progressions constructed with the aid of a biological reference photos led to better recognition than those constructed without a biological reference. We also investigated whether there would be any variation depending on the age-range of the age-progressions. Eight professional forensic artists created age-progressions based upon photographs provided by each of our eight targets. Half of their age progressions with the aid of parental reference photos and half without parental reference photos. Furthermore, half were age-progressed across a longer age-range (5–20 years) and half covered a shorter age-range (12–20 years). In Experiment 1 similarity scores were higher over shorter age-ranges. Further, across longer age-ranges age-progressions created with the aid of a parental reference were lower than those without a reference. In Experiment 2 recognition performance was higher across shorter age-ranges. Additionally, across longer age-ranges age-progressions created with the aid of a parental reference were recognized worse than those without a reference. These results suggest that in long-term missing person cases, forensic artists may benefit from not relying on biological references. Finally, consistent with previous research (e.g. Lampinen et al., 2012) age-progressions provided no benefit over using outdated photographs.     

新时期公安院校的发展方向--略论公安院校参照军事院校管理

在我国,公安院校与军事院校有许多相似之处。军事院校在管理上的很多成功经验值得公安院校借鉴学习。事实上,公安院校在加强自身建设过程中,一直在不断地借鉴吸收军事院校的建设成果,这也是公安院校的成功经验之一。为了贯彻“二十公”会议提出的“逐步推行公安院校参照军事院校进行管理”的新要求,文章从宏观层面,在对军事院校办学特点进行分析的基础上,提出了公安院校在办学理念、学科建设、培养模式、管理体制、教育机制等方面参照军事院校进行管理的若干思考,希望能对现实有所裨益。     

高校图书馆参考咨询服务刍议

高校图书馆参考咨询工作在教学中处于举足轻重的地位,富有活力和创造性.可以说,参考咨询服务工作是提高高等院校教学质量、教学水平,完成教学计划的重要环节.然而,这样一项对高等教育极为有效的工作在全国高等院校图书馆中并未得到很好的发展,因此,全面普及、开展图书馆参考咨询服务工作是高等院校图书馆工作的当务之急.     

高校院系资料室文献资源建设与管理

专业文献资源是高校文献信息保障体系的重要组成部分。新形势对高校院系资料室工作的要求和定位,使得其必须进行整顿和改革。加强专业文献资源建设与管理,提高资料室管理人员的素质,成为高校院系资料室建设的重要任务。     

治理贿赂犯罪国际公约立法发展及其启示

从上世纪70年代开始,经过三个阶段的发展,国际社会形成了以保障市场经济公平竞争秩序理念为指导、以打击行贿行为为主要策略、以加强商业组织治理为发展方向的国际公约立法体系,充分反映出市场经济下贿赂犯罪立法治理的基本规律。相比之下,中国贿赂犯罪立法治理存在理念较为滞后、治理策略相对简单、治理对象较为单一的问题,在未来中国贿赂犯罪治理改革中,有必要汲取国际社会贿赂犯罪治理之经验,及时调整相关立法理念和策略,以适应国内市场经济发展及世界市场竞争之需求。     

一测多评法测定无硫和低硫白芷中5种香豆素类成分的含量

目的 建立一测多评方法比较无硫和低硫白芷药材中5种香豆素类成分含量的差异,并验证方法准确性和可行性。方法 以欧前胡素为内参物,建立相对校正因子。计算4种香豆素成分含量,同时与外标法计算结果进行比较,验证该方法的可行性。结果 相对校正因子在不同实验条件下RSD均在3.0%以内,且一测多评法测定结果与外标法测定结果无显著差异。结论 一测多评法可以用于无硫和低硫白芷药材中5种香豆素类成分含量测定。