The Potential of Cosmetic Applicators as a Source of DNA for Forensic Analysis

Personal products, such as toothbrushes, have been used as both known reference and evidentiary samples for forensic DNA analysis. This study examined the viability of a broad selection of cosmetic applicators for use as targets for human DNA extraction and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions. Applicator types included eyeliner smudgers, pencils and crayons, eye shadow sponges, mascara wands, concealer wands, face makeup sponges, pads and brushes, lipsticks and balms, and lip gloss wands. The quantity and quality of DNA extracted from each type of applicator were examined by assessing the number of loci successfully amplified and the peak balance of the heterozygous alleles in each full STR profile. While degraded DNA, stochastic amplification, and PCR inhibition were observed for some items, full STR profiles were developed for 14 of 76 applicators. The face makeup sponge applicators yielded the highest proportional number of full STR profiles (4/7).     

我国固定资产准则与国际固定资产准则比较

加入WT0后,国际贸易的扩大,资本市场的开放,都要求我国在固定资产信息的确认、计量与披露等方面符合国际惯例。为此,要在充分研究我国特定的社会经济环境的前提下,比较固定资产国际会计准则和国内会计准则的相异、相通之处,借鉴和吸收国际固定资产会计发展最新成果,力求使我国制定的固定资产会计准则既能结合又能尽量与国际会计协调一致。     

视听资料的证据能力及采信规则

视听资料在我国是一种独立的证据种类 ,它对民事案件过程的再现具有其他证据种类无法比拟的特性。但是 ,视听资料本身又包含有易被伪造、篡改的先天不足 ,瑕疵视听资料 (包括非法视听资料 )的证据能力该如何判断 ?视听资料在司法实践中的采信规则该如何把握 ?等问题 ,都是我们要面对且亟待解决的课题。本文主要就视听资料的证据能力及采信规则进行一番探讨 ,以为今后建立视听资料的有关具体制度作一些理论上的准备     

Joint Dynamics of Legal and Economic Integration in the European Union

We evaluate the causal linkages between the economic and legal integration process that has characterised the formation of the European Union. Specifically, using the frequency of national references for preliminary rulings sent to the European Court of Justice as a measure of legal integration we investigate its joint dynamics with the expansion of intra-EU trade over the 1960–1998 time period. Our objective is to formally test whether any such linkages exist and the direction within which they have operated.     

两大法系战后的发展趋势及其借鉴意义

伴随着全球化的进程,战后两大法系越来越呈现出"求同存异、协调发展"的趋势,但在这种趋势中两者的法律技术、推理方法、诉讼制度、司法体制等诸多方面的差别也依然长期存在.这种情况告诫我们:中国的法治建设务必保持传统的法制精华,立足本土的实际状况,借鉴外来的文明成果,面向未来的创新目标.     

两大法系犯罪论体系的比较与借鉴

犯罪构成体系是刑法理论体系的核心,有“刑法理论体系王冠上的宝石”之美誉。当今世界,以德、日为代表的大陆法系的犯罪论体系和英美法系的犯罪论体系颇有影响。本文分析了两大法系犯罪论体系的构造,比较了两大法系犯罪论体系的异同,并就两大法系犯罪论体系对我国犯罪构成体系的借鉴意义作了探讨。     

语用学在文化翻译中的应用——中国古典诗词英译比较个案分析

跨文化翻译中,文化信息的传达是翻译的本质。在文化翻译中,译者要结合语用学知识,立足原文语境,充分把握原语作者的语用用意,通过推理,寻找原文与语境的最佳关联,并深刻把握原文文化底蕴,从而达到准确传达文化信息的的目的。     

RNA指标在死后人体皮肤组织中稳定性研究

目的探讨多种RNA指标的表达水平在死后人体皮肤组织中的稳定性。方法收集死亡时间(PMI)明确的人体皮肤组织样本10例,提取总RNA,运用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测ACTB、GAPDH、18S、miR-203、5S、1et-7a、RPS29、U6共计8个RNA指标的表达水平。geNorm软件评估各RNA指标表达水平的稳定性,挑选出稳定的内参指标并分析其表达水平与相关因素(年龄、性别、死因)的关系。结果人体皮肤组织中5S、U6和miR-203表达水平最为稳定,其平均表达量与年龄、性别、及死因无关(P0.05)。结论 5S、U6和miR-203可以作为qRT-PCR方法研究PMI的理想内参指标。     

双内参基因用于大鼠挫伤肌肉TAB2 mRNA表达量检测

目的比较和分析Rpl32和Rpl13作为单内参基因与两者作为双内参基因,用于检测大鼠挫伤肌肉组织中TAB2 m RNA表达量的结果。方法 78只SD大鼠,随机分为正常对照组(1组)和肌肉损伤组(12组)。采用自由落体法制作大鼠肌肉挫伤模型,分别于4h~48h之间12个时间点取肌肉组织,提取总RNA、合成c DNA、采用real-time q PCR法,以Rpl32和Rpl13作为单独内参基因和二者作为双内参基因检测大鼠肌肉挫伤组织中TAB2 m RNA相对表达量,并计算检测结果的变异系数。结果以Rpl32或Rpl13单独作为内参基因或作为双内参基因,TAB2 m RNA表达随损伤时间总体均呈现降低的变化规律,但使用单内参基因在24h和32h出现极高值,而用双内参基因计算未出现极值,且各结果的变异系数均较小。结论 Rpl32和Rpl13作为双内参基因用于计算TAB2 m RNA相对表达量,可提高分析结果的准确性,在相关实验中建议选择使用。     

Quantitative PCR overestimation of DNA in samples contaminated with tin

Metals can pose challenges while conducting forensic DNA analysis. The presence of metal ions in evidence-related DNA extracts can degrade DNA or inhibit PCR as applied to DNA quantification (real-time PCR or qPCR) and/or STR amplification, leading to low success in STR profiling. Different metal ions were spiked into 0.2 and 0.5 ng of human genomic DNA in an “inhibition study” and the impact was evaluated by qPCR using the Quantifiler™ Trio DNA Quantification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and an in-house SYBR Green assay. This study reports on a contradictory finding specific to tin (Sn) ions, which caused at least a 38,000-fold overestimation of DNA concentration when utilizing Quantifiler Trio. This was explained by the raw and multicomponent spectral plots, which indicated that Sn suppresses the Quantifiler Trio passive reference dye (Mustang Purple™, MP) at ion concentrations above 0.1 mM. This effect was not observed when DNA was quantified using SYBR Green with ROX™ as the passive reference, nor when DNA was extracted and purified prior to Quantifiler Trio. The results show that metal contaminants can interfere with qPCR-based DNA quantification in unexpected ways and may be assay dependent. The results also highlight the importance of qPCR as a quality check to determine steps for sample cleanup prior to STR amplification that may be similarly impacted by metal ions. Forensic workflows should recognize the risk of inaccurate DNA quantification of samples that are collected from substrates containing tin.