专家证言、新科学理论与法官角色——以美国法中的Daubert标准为中心

在专家证言的可采性判断标准上,Daubert标准替代＂普遍接受＂标准成为发展方向。Daubert标准在赋予法官很大的自由裁量的同时,也赋予其艰巨的＂守门人＂角色。Daubert标准将决定权中心从专业界移至法官。Daubert标准对多种因素的弹性考量给新科学证据的可采性提供了机遇和可能,但是一切要取决于法官的自由裁量和＂守门人＂职责的履行。     

言词证据的分析与判断——以言词证据的结构分析为路径

言词证据是一类重要的诉讼证据,但是由于它以人的言词陈述为表现形式,因而通常被认为稳定性较差,证明力较弱。然而,如果我们能够认识到它的内在结构,透过其表面上的不稳定性,会发现言词证据是可以被把握的,其作用可以得到充分的发挥。     

自冒风险规则研究

自冒风险源自罗马法,无论在普通法系还是大陆法系,都已接受为过失侵权的抗辩事由：尽管我国立法没有相关规定,却已有法官依据自冒风险规则判决的案例,这很危险。因此,深入研究自冒风险理论,阐述其构成要件、适用范围等,为构建我国的自冒风险规则立法、消除既有法律障碍提供理论基础是论文的立意所在。     

刑事证明标准之探微

目前,刑事诉讼应达到何种证明程度大致有两种不同的主张,即“客观真实”论和“法律真实”论。在转型这一特定时期,刑事诉讼法修改已提上日程,为此我们应在借鉴两大法系刑事证据制度中的证明标准的基础上正确看待“客观真实”与“法律真实”,构建适合我国司法文化和司法实践的相对合理的具有层次性的刑事证明标准、     

Suggestive Eyewitness Identification Procedures and the Supreme Court’s Reliability Test in Light of Eyewitness Science: 30 Years Later

The U.S. Supreme Court’s ruling concerning suggestive eyewitness identification procedures (Manson v. Braithwaite, 1977, 432 U.S. 98) has not been revisited by the Court in the intervening 30+ years. Meanwhile, scientific studies of eyewitnesses have progressed and DNA exonerations show that mistaken identification is the primary cause of convictions of the innocent. We analyzed the two-inquiry logic in Manson in light of eyewitness science. Several problems are discussed. Ironically, we note that suggestive identification procedures (determined in the first inquiry) boost the eyewitnesses’ standing on three of the five criteria (used in the second inquiry) that are used to decide whether the suggestive procedures were a problem. The net effect undermines safeguards intended by the Court and destroys incentives to avoid suggestive procedures.

网络犯罪中的电子证据若干问题研究

网络犯罪的不断涌现使电子证据的研究面临越来越多的挑战。电子证据的概念应该从广义上理解,并赋予其独立的法律地位。电子证据的收集主体、程序规则的运用以及人权保障,都是需要着重研究、探讨的问题。     

Concurrent Duties

This paper offers an account of concurrent liability, and in particular the existence of, and interaction between, concurrent contractual and non‐contractual duties. It argues for five essential propositions: (1) a defendant can owe simultaneous private law duties towards a claimant, the content of which overlaps in whole or in part; (2) cases of concurrent liability in contract and negligence involve independent duties, which are concurrent but not coextensive; (3) the doctrine of concurrent liability is conceptually distinct from the rule that the claimant must elect between inconsistent remedies; (4) if the defendant commits a wrong in breach of more than one duty, the claimant has a prima facie choice to sue for any of those breaches; and (5) the content of one any duty might affect the content of the other. The last of these principles, it is argued, provide an explanation for the recent decisions in Wellesley Partners v Withers and AIB v Mark Redler.     

新刑诉法背景下受贿案中行贿人翻证问题研究

行贿人的证言在受贿案件的证据体系中据有十分重要的地位,一旦行贿人翻证,与其证言相关的犯罪事实极有可能因无法做到“供证一致”而难以被认定。基于避免惩处危险、维护人际关系、平衡个体情感等特殊因素的考量,行贿人证言的稳定性相对较弱,其往往围绕案件的构成要件事实和取证程序等进行翻证。修改后的刑事诉讼法进一步完善了刑事证据制度、辩护制度等诉讼制度,但同时也给司法机关应对行贿人的翻证问题带来了更大的挑战。为此,可从具体操作和制度设计两个层面做好相应的准备工作。     

当前司法鉴定存在的问题及危害性

司法鉴定存在的问题,既有法律规定不完备之处,也存在司法鉴定体制不合理的问题,这些问题不利于司法机关正确的运用鉴定结论这一证据。严重影响了依法办案。建议立法机关尽快对司法鉴定有关问题予以立法。使司法鉴定有章可循,有法可依。     

浅析我国《海事诉讼特别程序法》对证据的庭前陈述制度和庭前举证制度的规定

证据是诉讼的无冕之王。我国民事诉讼法对证据的规定需要进一步完善。而 1999年出台的《海事诉讼特别程序法》则对证据问题做了突破性的规定即庭前陈述制度和庭前举证制度。这是我国证据制度领域的一个飞跃。本文将对上述两个制度做比较研究 ,并对《海事诉讼特别程序法》庭前陈述制度和庭前举证制度进行较为深入的探讨 ,以期对我国证据制度的发展和完善有所补益