论海域使用权创设制度的立法完善

《海域使用管理法》建立了“审批为主、招标拍卖为辅”的海域使用权创设方式,以及“颁发海域使用权证书并向社会公告”的海域使用权公示制度。这一海域使用权创设方式存在缺陷,应该从以下四个方面予以完善：限制行政审批、鼓励竞争出让;允许以挂牌和协议方式出让;规定海域使用权出让合同;以登记时间作为海域使用权取得时间。     

关于我国户籍制度改革的新设想

近年来,全国各地要求户籍制度改革的呼声不断,虽然有些地方陆续进行了改革,但是由于改革正处于试验阶段,户籍制度改革面临着难点。原因在于制度上的障碍、利益集团的博弈、资源上的匮乏、政策上的阻碍等。我国应当建立全国统一的户口登记管理制度,实现公民身份的真正平等,注意改革的力度和顺序,在人事、教育、医疗等制度进行相应的改革,剥离现行户籍制度的社会福利和其他社会功能,促进户籍管理的法制化,建立城乡统筹、行政控制和市场推进相结合的体现平等和实现迁徙自由的户籍制度。     

不动产登记簿错误之类型与更正登记

不动产登记簿错误可以分为权利事项错误与非权利事项错误。权利事项错误意味着登记簿上对不动产物权的归属和内容的记载不正确,而非权利事项错误则是指那些不涉及物权归属和内容的登记簿错误。二者在是否会对物权构成妨害、是否导致善意取得以及更正登记的程序上完全不同。我国《物权法》第19条区分了这两类错误,并确立了不同的更正程序与要件。当不动产登记簿上存在权利事项错误时,应由利害关系人行使更正请求权请求登记簿记载的权利人同意更正。如果权利人拒绝的,更正请求权人应诉请法院或仲裁委员会解决该民事争议。原则上,只有法院、仲裁委员会的生效法律文书才属于证明登记确有错误的证据,登记机构才能据此进行更正登记。但是,对于非权利事项错误,权利人可以通过提供证据证明登记确有错误而申请更正登记,登记机构也可以依职权进行更正登记。     

透析我国户籍制度的改革与发展

随着我国市场经济的建立和完善,我国当代户籍制度已越来越不适应城市发展的需要,阻碍了我国农业人口城市化进程的顺利进行,并在一定程度上形成了社会人群之间的差别,侵害了公民依法享有的权利,改革势在必行。改革户籍制度必须加强经济、文化、教育建设,尽快缩小和消除东西部地区、大、中城市之间的差别;加大劳动就业和社会保障制度改革;努力提高行政效率和服务水平,进一步严密和完善户口管理;进一步调整城市户口迁移政策,继续放宽对户口迁移的限制;加强户籍法律法规建设。     

An ID card for the Internet – The new German ID card with “electronic proof of identity”

The personal ID card is a document carried by most Germans, but rarely used. This could change in the future: According to the new law on identification cards and electronic proof of identity (Gesetz über Personalausweise und den elektronischen Identitätsnachweis, PAuswG), the ID card, with its proof of identity, will gain a new functionality, making it applicable for diverse Internet transactions. Functionally, the electronic proof of identity corresponds to existing non-electronic personal proof of identity guidelines in legal and business connections. However, its concrete, technical application opens up many issues regarding contracts and data privacy laws. On both the legal and the technical level, the German approach departs from other European countries, as it strictly distinguishes the electronic proof of identity from the electronic signature function, which the new ID card also provides. It remains to be seen whether the various projects of the EU Member States will become legally and technically interoperable in the near future.     

Police officer attitudes to the practicalities of the sex offenders’ register,ViSOR and Child Sexual Abuse Disclosure Scheme in England and Wales

This paper examines police officer understandings of and attitudes to the sex offenders’ register, Violent and Sex Offenders’ Register (ViSOR) and Child Sexual Offender Disclosure Scheme (CSODS) in England and Wales – an under-researched area in the management of sexual offenders in the UK. This research is an adaptation of an American study utilising a mixed-methods approach, combining an online questionnaire survey (N?=?227) with a series of semi-structured interviews (N?=?27). The study found that police officers, irrespective of role, were generally supportive of the register, ViSOR and CSODS in principle, but they thought that logistics, practicalities, infrastructure, multi-agency collaboration and public understandings had problematic impacts on the scheme in practice. The participants believed that greater investment was needed in terms of time and resource to make the register, ViSOR and CSODS easier to use and access and thus fit for purpose.     

A survey of data sources for studies of family and population in Korean history

Compared to China and Japan, family and population studies of pre-modern Korea have not been widely available to scholars outside Korea. As a necessary step to increase scholarship in Korean historical demography, we introduce major historical materials currently available in Korea as useful for historical studies, summarizing demographic variables provided, the type of population covered, and the historical period referred in those historical materials. In particular, we focus on genealogies and household registers that provide demographic information of Korean population before the 20th century. We describe major features of those Korean materials as demographic sources, highlighting similarities and differences as compared to corresponding Chinese historical materials. Korean historical data showing their unique features, along with comparability with other East Asian data, have potential to expand the field of historical demography in East Asia.     

Differing patterns of marriage between a city and villages in 18th century Korea: The case of Taegu Area

While the urban area was increasingly filled with middle- and low-status residents, the rural area was dominated by high-status settlers whose number increased because of migration from the city and natural growth. Remarkable differences existed between urban and rural marriage features such as marriage age and rate of remarriage. The more sincere adoption of the high-status marriage culture in the rural area may be attributed to its occupational homogeneity. In the rural agrarian settings, landlords, self-cultivators and tenants shared a similar living pattern and value system based on the agricultural cycle. The urban area, however, exhibited a variety of work patterns of local functionaries, artisans and merchants. Many middle- and low-status people might well have found the high-status culture of the rural area incompatible with their own.     

秦汉户籍制度的管理机制与功能

秦汉户籍制度是中国较早期、比较完整并且比较有效的人口管理制度。尽管带有历史局限性,秦汉户籍制度仍蕴涵了理性化的管理机制,其功能如控制人口并使之内部协调,指挥管理并使之利于政权稳固,重农抑商并使之成为国家税收的重要保障,决策应变并使之成为实施各项国策的坚强后盾等等,其中的理性因素在现代社会仍有积极意义。     

域名权和商标权的权利冲突及解决途径

随着网络在商业领域运用的逐渐普遍和深入,以及在巨大经济利益的驱动下,出现了大量的将他人商标注册为域名的行为,此类行为在恶意抢注的情形下构成侵权或不正当竞争行为,时此类权利冲突纠纷应区别驰名商标和普通商标适用中华人民共和国《商标法》、《反不正当竞争法》分别给予法律救济,同时为避免类似权利冲突的产生应完善我国相关的法律制度。