Electoral registration and the control of votes: The case of Chile

We investigate how the employment relationship may lead employers to control the voting behavior and to induce the electoral registration of their workers. Forced registration and the control of votes become feasible when voting behavior is observable, as in open ballot elections. Workers whose vote is controlled are more likely to be registered as compared to other eligible voters, increasing their impact on electoral outcomes. Increasing the secrecy of the vote (for instance with the adoption of a secret ballot) significantly reduces the control of votes. Electoral registration, however, remains biased as long as the probability of voting behavior disclosure induces less ideologically motivated voters to comply with the political preference of the employer. We provide empirical support for the predictions of the model examining the effects of the introduction of the secret ballot in Chile in 1958.     

“引异议登记制度入股权登记领域”的初探

随着市场经济的迅速发展,‘一股多转’案件屡见不鲜。‘一股多转’具有存在空间的根本原因在于股权转让的完成与股权变更的登记具有时间差,这种时间差难以消除的特性决定了难以从根本上杜绝‘一股多转’行为。引异议登记制度入股权登记领域,对现有制度进行补充,以破除公信力,使得第三人不能主张善意信赖而取得股权,从而保护原受让股东利益或许是一条可行的路径;而这条路径的构建亦是契合了利益平衡的理念。     

城镇化过程中农民的迁徙自由及其实现

迁徙自由作为一项基本人权,已经得到国际社会广泛地认可.在当今城镇化迅速发展过程中,二元对立的户籍制度把城乡人口分成利益上不平等的社会阶层,客观上造成了城乡居民身份上的等级差别.随着法治国家的不断完善,户籍制度改革的步伐已势不可挡,借鉴国外保障迁徙自由权和改革户籍制度的经验,找出一条适合中国国情的现实路径,需要宪法和法律层面规定公民的迁徙自由权,废除二元制户籍制度格局,对农民工子女实行同样的教育政策.这不仅是迁徙自由的应有之义,也是宪政平等理念的内在要求.     

The utility of sex offender registration: a research note†

ABSTRACT

Sex offender registries are one of the more hotly debated and polarising topics in criminology. Registries are generally perceived as valuable by the public, legislators, and law enforcement. However, academics and treatment providers have largely remained critical, arguing registries are costly and ineffective. Continued support despite these claims has led some scholars to suggest that proponents are unaware of evidence, indifferent to science, and perhaps driven by emotions. Yet this conclusion denies important facts. First, statistical evidence shows that registrants are at far higher risk of committing a sex crime than the general public. Second, high-quality empirical research suggests that enacting registries is associated with significant decreases in sex offences. Third, there is prima facie evidence that registration has assisted in police investigations and prevented sexual crimes. Recognising these arguments is likely an important step towards improving the quality of debate, science, and policy on registration.     

公司法股权转让与股东资格取得关系探讨——以(2009)皖民二终字第0011号判决为素材

股权受让人在股权转让后是否直接取得股东资格而成为股东,现行法律规定并不明确。发生股权转让后公司尽管有义务变更股东名册和工商登记,但只在股权受让人将股权转让的事实通知公司后,才产生公司的变更义务。通知公司后即产生变更义务。在公司实务中,股权出让人在出让股权前向其他股东发出的通知有时可以认定为通知公司,应该结合具体案情综合判断。股东名册法理上的对抗效力与明文规定的工商登记的对抗效力相互矛盾,而且只有公司才能申请变更登记,这会影响股权受让人股东资格的取得,损害股权转让双方及其债权人的利益。     

From walls to membranes: fortress polis and the governance of urban public space in 21st century Britain

Drawing on the work of Paul Virilio, this paper addresses changes in the architectural and legal topography of the urban landscape through an examination of regulatory patterns, which increasingly intensify governance through, and as, ‘control’. Such regulation is ambivalent in that it cuts across many traditionally discrete regimes of power melding them into new forms with new effects; as a consequence it is no longer sufficient to think in terms of such distinctions as private/public, civil/criminal, and so on. This paper argues that a concern with patterns of enclosure and privatisation in our urban centres must now be placed within the context of changes in architectural practice and technology, which the authors term ‘open architecture’, and the embedding of governance through partnership, which give particular emphasis to the use of dematerialised and diffused modes of control. The paper utilises Virilio’s history and image of the fortress, which he tracks from a material form to a dematerialised form, to envisage these developments and to provide the foundation for an understanding of the importance of the development of practices of surveillance into, what the authors term, ‘total registration’ as a feature and function of governance through ‘control’.

农村留守儿童犯罪的成因及解决途径——基于山东省农村留守儿童犯罪问题调查之数据

农村留守儿童现象,是我国农民工问题的＂副产品＂。经济发展的不平衡性和社会转型过程中的政策断层持续拉大了城乡差距,使农民工难以摆脱弱势群体的地位,加之城乡分割的义务教育二元体制,致使大量的农村儿童不得不与他们的父母分离,父母对孩子成长的重要影响基本上失去了本原性意义,使得农村儿童的教育与成长处于真空之中。在父母法定监护责任缺失,我国尚未建立起国家监护、委托监护以及学校监护等制度的情势下,一些留守儿童因缺乏正确引导而染上不良恶习,进而走上犯罪道路,严重影响到农村社会稳定。因此,要减少农村留守儿童犯罪,必须彻底改革我国现行的户籍制度,拆除依附在该制度之上的诸如就业、医疗、住房、教育等方面的制度壁垒,引导农村富余劳动力在城乡间的有序流动;重构我国的未成年人监护制度,建立起以学校监护为中心的国家监护、法定监护、社区监护等新型监护体系,以填补家庭教育的＂缺位＂,为农村留守儿童的健康成长创建一个良好的生态环境,确保农村社会治安稳定与和谐发展。     

我国商事登记制度之检讨

商事登记制度是我国经济立法中的一项重要制度。商事登记行为的性质为行政行为,更进一步说商事登记行为在一般行业为行政确认行为,但在涉及国家利益、公共利益或风险大对公众影响面较广的特殊行业为行政许可行为。应从商事登记制度的目标和价值入手来界定商事登记必要记载事项的相对统一的标准。商事登记的效力也因主体不同、登记事项不同而有所不同。目前商事登记制度还存在许多不完善之处,有必要予以完善。     

机动车物权变动公示论

机动车的物权变动应区分情况适用法律,未完成初始登记的机动车物权变动应适用《物权法》第23条,已完成初始登记的机动车物权变动应适用《物权法》第24条。《物权法》第24条不宜解释为物权变动的意思主义模式,未经登记的机动车所有权变动仍应坚持交付后方生效。对未登记机动车物权不得对抗的善意第三人,应采用限制说。对于机动车占有与机动车登记二元公示引发的冲突应采取一定的措施加以避免。     

商事登记的界定及其价值取向

商事登记是指登记申请人按照法律规定向主管机关提出旨在确认商事主体的主体资格、营业资格及其他重大事项的申请,并由主管机关依法对申请事项审核登记的一系列法律行为。商事登记过程中行政机关的登记行为应为行政确认,而非行政许可。商事登记的价值取向为安全和效率,其中效率优先,兼顾安全．正确认识二者之间的关系对商事登记立法及实践意义重大。