再论中国竞争法立法例之选择

世界各国的竞争法已形成三种立法例,以美国为代表的松散立法例不适合中国,以德日为代表的分立式立法也已失去选择的价值。中国应该选择一元化立法例制定《中华人民共和国竞争法》,实行反垄断与反不正当竞争的统一,实现实体规范与程序规则的统一,实现传统竞争规则与转型社会的有机结合。     

大珠三角区域的制度学习:动因、过程及前景

在经济全球化和区域化竞争不断加剧的条件下,区域的制度竞争力已经成为决定区域整体竞争力的核心要素。在"一国两制"下,粤、港、澳三地结成的大珠三角区域,共同建构学习型区域,相互进行制度的模仿、学习,进而走向制度的协调和制度的融合,这是缩小区域制度落差,提升区域整体制度竞争力的重要途径。     

Structural Reform Policy: Privatisation and Beyond—The Case of Greece

Privatisation, coupled with liberalisation and competition, constitutes one of the most popular policy options to improve the performance of state-owned enterprises. However, in Greece, it was only after 1991 that privatisation started to gain ground in the political and economic agendas of governments. Drawing upon the theoretical underpinnings of privatisation, the paper overviews and critically analyses the new legal framework on denationalisation in Greece. The paper argues that, though the modernisation of the legal regime is welcomed, the Greek government has failed to treat privatisation as part of wider structural reforms aiming at enhancing competition and foreign investment. The paper concludes that wider structural reforms, including regulatory reform and liberalisation, as well as combating corruption and bureaucracy and promoting transparent capital markets, are absolutely necessary in order to create a competitive environment, which would both complement and support privatisation efforts.     

WTO规则下我国竞争法的调适与发展

竞争法律制度在一个国家经济发展中起着极为重要的作用,素有“经济宪法”之称。入世后,在知识经济和经济全球化的背景下,各种各样的不正当竞争行为、限制竞争行为以及垄断行为对我国经济的健康发展带来了愈来愈严峻的挑战,完善与发展我国竞争法律制度已经成为全社会共同关注的课题。本文立足我国具体国情,从立法层面和具体法律制度层面上提出了我国竞争法律制度的“适世”和发展策略。     

Explaining Regulatory Non-compliance: A Survey Study of Rule Transgression for Two Dutch Instrumental Laws, Applying the Randomized Response Method

Within a rational choice framework, secondary data analysis of a survey study on compliance with two Dutch regulatory laws is carried out. Selection of explanatory variables to be considered is guided by a heuristic device, called the Table-of-Eleven. Using adapted logistic regression analysis, we show that self-reported compliance, measured by means of a randomized response procedure, can be explained in terms of benefits of non-compliance, social norms and deterrence, while knowledge and general norm-conformity have no role to play. The impact of various contributing factors turns out to be rather different in size for the two laws.     

Regulation in Comparative Perspective

Structural changes in the world economy pose challenging new problems for comparative policy analysis. One such problem is the harmonization of domestic policies and institutions, which the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations has identified as a key principle of international economic relations. Harmonization may mean the creation of a single policy space out of a number of distinct jurisdictions. It can also mean the adoption of common policy goals or general principles that national governments can pursue by different strategies. Comparative analysis can help in choosing the type of harmonization most appropriate in a given context. This article analyzes the development of harmonization strategies in the European Community/European Union. The European experience shows that far-reaching economic integration can be achieved without suppressing cultural diversity and legitimate differences in national preferences.     

刑法谦抑视角下的食品监管渎职罪立法解析

从刑法谦抑的角度看,食品监管渎职罪在犯罪圈的划定上基本符合刑法谦抑的要求,但"重大食品安全事故"和"其他严重后果"等表述还存在圈界模糊、柔软的问题。食品监管渎职罪在刑罚配置方面,具有刑罚谦抑所要求的刑罚正当性、合法性和人道性。但与其他渎职犯罪相比还存在法定刑进一步提升的可能,以及增设财产刑的必要。     

“五比一创”劳动竞赛是促进企业发展的有效途径

天铁集团工会近年加强对"五比一创"劳动竞赛的组织与引导,不断丰富其竞赛内容,建立健全考核奖励机制,有力地促进了企业的发展。     

论我国反垄断法适用除外制度

反垄断法适用除外制度是反垄断法的一项重要法律制度,在各国反垄断立法中均得以确立。美国、德国、日本和欧盟等国家和地区的反垄断法适用除外制度比较完善,且各具特色。反垄断法适用除外制度的形成根源于垄断对经济发展影响的两面性。适用除外制度与一国的政治、经济和国际关系密切相关,对保证国民经济的健康发展具有重要意义。本文通过阐述反垄断法适用除外制度的理论基础,比较国外反垄断法适用除外制度的内容,对我国反垄断法适用除外制度现状进行分析,提出了完善我国反垄断法适用除外制度建议。     

How Chinese enterprises live in freedom, competition under the rule of law

China has thoroughly amended its corporate law and hastens to formulate an anti-monopoly law. To rebound then deny the planned economy once adopted, China firmly practices marketization reform. However, common-recognized rules haven’t taken shape without sufficient gaming and, lots of quick introduced legislations are only superficial provisions. As the trend of corporate legal system in developed countries, freedom and responsibility are the two contraries but not contradictory directions during the recent reform of China’s corporate law. One is deregulation, e.g., introducing one-person company and the transition from approval system to registration system for the establishment of a company; while the other is adding various provisions of responsibility and liability to the Company Law for controlling shareholders, actual controllers, directors, supervisors and top managers. The Anti-Unfair Competition Law of China not only prescribes unfair competition but also counters monopoly. In general, it mainly focuses on anti-monopoly provisions, to popularize the concept and value of free market, making systematic regulations on any kinds of monopoly. This article reviews its background, process, meaning as well as the problems encountered. As there remains somewhat a mystery that China rapidly develops, it may also reflect a fringe of the reason. Prepared for presentation at the Global Fellows Forum, the Hauser Global Law School Program, New York University School of Law, 25 October 2006. The author is a global research fellow of the Hauser Global Law School Program, NYU School of Law. He is grateful to Jerome Cohen, Eleanor Fox and William Allen for most helpful comments, to J. H. H. Weiler for aborative presiding, and to Hua Xiao, Justin Fong, Alex Wang and Han Han for English language assistance.