The Ethic of Care, Female Subjectivity and Feminist Legal Scholarship

The object of this essay is to explore the central role played by the ‘ethic of care’ in debates within and beyond feminist legal theory. The author claims that the ethic of care has attracted feminist legal scholars in particular, as a means of resolving the theoretical, political and strategic difficulties to which the perceived ‘crisis of subjectivity’ in feminist theory has given rise. She argues that feminist legal scholars are peculiarly placed in relation to this crisis because of their reliance on the social ‘woman’ whose interests are the predominant concern of feminist legal engagement. With the problematisation of subjectivity, the object of feminist legal attention disappears and it is in attempts to deflect the negative political consequences of this that the ethic of care has been invoked, the author argues, unsuccessfully. The essay concludes with suggestions as to how the feminist project in law might proceed in the wake of the crisis of subjectivity and the failure of the ethic of care to resolve it. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Intimate Relationships, Relational Contract Theory, and the Reach of Contract

This article explores the role of contract law inintimate relationships, focussing on tacit or onlypartially express agreements rather than expressprenuptial or cohabitation contracts. It welcomes theembrace of relational contract theory by feminist andgay and lesbian commentators, but argues that keydifferences between commercial and intimaterelationships need further analysis if the potentialof relational theory in cases of informal agreement isto be realised. The first difference is that,while commercial contracts can draw on the context ofa contracting community as a source of norms to fillgaps in agreement, there is no equivalent source ofnorms for intimate relationships. The seconddifference is that, although relational theory entailsthe attenuation of self interest in commercialcontracts, in intimate relationships the sense inwhich self interest is attenuated is quite different,with the result that concepts such as cooperation andaltruism have different meanings. The result of thesedifferences is that, in some intimate relationships,there will be informal understandings falling short ofbargain, which will be unenforceable – under bothorthodox contract law and more relationalinterpretations of it. It is argued that many suchinformal agreements are distinguishable from mostgratuitous promises because they are characterised bya degree of reciprocity between the parties. Thepossibility of the law of contract recognising suchnon bargain agreements based on reciprocity isexplored, and it is argued that the enforcement ofsuch agreements represents a less distorting legalresponse than that available through the use ofpromissory estoppel.     

社区社会保障之路

改革开放以来，我国初步形成了以养老、医疗、失业保险和最低生活保障为重点的社会保障制度。但随着我国经济结构的调整、老龄化步伐的加快、下岗工人和离退休火员的逐步增多，社区社会保障问题凸显出来。社区社会保障主要有社会救济、医疗保险、养老保险、失业保险和社会福利等内容。而社区要在社会保障中发挥最优化的功效，就必须努力开辟筹资途径，做好落实工作，理顺各方面的关系。     

企业年金计划的设计方法及其风险管理

随着国家关于企业年金的各项政策法规陆续出台,企业年金作为我国养老保险的第二支柱将发挥着越来越重要的作用。同时企业年金作为一种新型的人力资源管理手段,也逐渐引起企业的重视。了解企业年金计划设计的原则与方法,了解企业年金风险的风险管理策略,对于保险公司等金融机构和企业人力资源工作者进行年金方案设计有一定的指导意义。     

行政公益诉论笔谈（上）——诉的利益理论与行政公益诉讼

《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的修改已经提上议事日程，行政公益诉讼何去何从，已经到了无法回避的地步。近年来。围绕行政公益诉讼问题可谓是观点纷呈。热吹捧者有之，冷思考者有之，反对者也不乏。为了使得我国行政公益诉讼制度的最终确立有一个坚实的理论基础。尚有大量的问题需要进一步的探讨。这里发表的一组笔谈是黄学贤教授主持的司法部项目《行政公益诉讼研究》（06SFB5007）的阶段性研究成果。由于是笔谈，课题组成员（黄学贤教授的两个研究生：陈峰、廖振权）观点不强求一致，其宗旨是为《行政诉讼法》的修改提供一孔之见。本刊将分上、下两部分对其予以摘登。     

诉的利益理论与行政公益诉讼

《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》的修改已经提上议事日程,行政公益诉讼何去何从,已经到了无法回避的地步。近年来,围绕行政公益诉讼问题可谓是观点纷呈。热吹捧者有之,冷思考者有之,反对者也不乏。为了使得我国行政公益诉讼制度的最终确立有一个坚实的理论基础,尚有大量的问题需要进一步的探讨。这里发表的一组笔谈是黄学贤教授主持的司法部项目《行政公益诉讼研究》(06SFB5007)的阶段性研究成果。由于是笔谈,课题组成员(黄学贤教授的两个研究生:陈峰、廖振权)观点不强求一致,其宗旨是为《行政诉讼法》的修改提供一孔之见。本刊将分上、下两部分对其予以摘登。     

刑事诉讼中的亲属拒证权制度研究

亲属拒绝作证权制度作为现代法治国家的一项重要证据制度,在世界许多国家的刑事证据立法中都有明确规定。我国历史上也有类似的"亲亲相隐"制度规定。确立亲属拒证权制度,对于弘扬传统的伦理道德,充分保护公民人权,提高法律效益,维护社会的和谐与稳定,推动我国法治化进程具有重大的理论价值和现实意义。     

家庭养老：我国最重要的养老方式之一

家庭养老是我国最重要的养老方式之一。完善养老体制，满足老年人口的经济供养、生活照料和精神慰藉是目前我国一项重要任务.     

环境公益诉讼的另类视角:自然物种诉讼

自然权利的讨论必然要反映在对诉讼法的冲击上,即是否考虑自然物种对其所享有的权利而具有诉讼资格以及如何实现他们的诉权等。这导致美国、日本的法院进行了一些审判上的尝试。虽然自然物种诉讼在理论上还需要法理学和诉讼法学的突破,在实践中还处于探索状态,但自然物种诉讼在环境公益的保护上仍然具有重要的意义。自然物种诉讼的基本框架包括:自然物种诉讼是公益诉讼的一种表现形式;自然物种诉讼要在赋予自然物种诉讼资格和防止恶意诉讼之间保证一种平衡;自然物种诉讼的实施机制是代物诉讼。     

建立我国行政公益诉讼制度若干问题探讨

随着我国经济的发展与法律体系的健全，行政公益诉讼在我国已经成为一个热议领域。然而．我国现行法律还没有确立行政公益诉讼制度，但在一些发达国家，行政公益诉讼制度已经相当完备。因此．我国应在现行的行政公益诉讼理论的基础上，在拓宽起诉人资格、扩大受案范围、诉讼费用承担等方面．借鉴国外法治国家的经验，加快确立我国行政公益诉讼制度。