关系契约论视角下数字平台用工惩戒规则的失控与纠偏

数字平台创造了新型的灵活用工模式,但同时也突破了传统劳动法律体系的限制,使在平台下谋生的网约工失去了法律的保护.平台惩戒规则作为数字泰勒主义的成文表现,是平台借助数字技术对网约工进行劳动控制的重要工具.然而这种规则在民事契约下的形式平等中消解了网约工的权益,其所产生的压迫问题已经引起舆论关注.研究认为,以古典契约理论建...     

Why are the highly educated more sympathetic towards welfare recipients?

Stigmatising stereotypes about welfare recipients play a crucial role in building public support for welfare retrenchment. Existing literature finds that the highly educated are more sympathetic towards welfare recipients. This is surprising given the economic advantage associated with educational attainment. Furthermore, educational attainment has increased even as sympathy for welfare recipients has declined. I address these puzzles using three decades of British survey data and find that it is the socially liberal attitudes rather than the economic advantage associated with higher education that explains why this group is sympathetic towards welfare recipients. These findings reveal an educational cleavage in stereotypes about welfare recipients, which is based on non-economic concerns, and has implications for support for welfare retrenchment and policies such as increased conditionality. This cleavage is weaker in more highly educated regions, implying that there are diminishing returns from increasing educational attainment in terms of sympathetic attitudes towards welfare recipients.