Rising punitivity in times of economic crisis? Assessing the relationship between the economic situation and the longing for harsher sanctioning

This paper analyses if the economic situation is related to punitivity, that is, if adverse of economic patterns go along with a longing for harsher sanctions in the population. Several scholars have postulated that increased economic insecurities and anxieties may lead to the preference for harsher sanctioning. Empirical research, however, could not confirm the link between individual economic conditions and punitivity. We therefore introduce the concept of relative deprivation as mechanism between the economic situation and punitivity. Database is a nationwide representative survey (N = 3,073) with a multilevel design that allows to differentiate between the individual and the county level conditions. Our analyses confirmed the impact of the regional economic situation on punitivity. The objective individual situation, however, has no influence on punitivity, when we control for relative deprivation and education. Additionally, we find a significant impact of relative deprivation on punitivity. Relative deprivation itself is dependent on the individual economic situation as well as on the county level economic conditions.     

对发展经济与减少排放问题的理性思考

在发展经济与减少排放问题上,目前有两种错误的倾向,一种是只顾经济增长,不顾环境保护;另一种是只强调生态环境,而忽视经济发展。在这一问题上唯一正确的观点是坚持辩证思维,全面贯彻落实科学发展观,强调发展要以人为本,一切发展都要符合人民的根本利益,同时要统筹人与自然和谐发展,正确处理好经济建设与资源利用、生态环境保护的关系,把"资源节约型和环境友好型"社会作为我国现代化建设的重要目标。     

权利类属理论之反思——以霍菲尔德权利理论为分析框架

权利话语所面对的窘境在于提出主张的双方希冀透过权利所获得的保障,或说阻止他人行为的意图虽不必然同一,但由于共同内涵中词汇的共享,使问题变得棘手。与其争论相冲突的权利主张孰轻孰重,美国学者霍菲尔德指出权利一词蕴含四种不同的法律关系,分别是权利、特权、能力与豁免,并以实务判决作为分析对象,为不同的权利类属进行定性说明。借用霍菲尔德理论架构,并据此推断美国罗伊诉韦德案判决所保障之权利应该属于霍菲尔德理论中的何种类属。     

行政指导的法律救济

行政指导是运用国家权力的过程，难免会对相对人利益造成一定的损害，因此，行政指导的法律救济就显得尤为重要。行政指导法律救济的理论基础基于信赖利益保护原则、权力制约原理、行政程序法的目的。当前，我国对于行政指导的法律监督与救济还比较薄弱，实践中，必须畅通行政指导的司法途径，完善行政指导的行政救济，厘清国家赔偿和国家补偿的界限。     

The Redirection of US Foreign Strategy against the Background of Globalization

American foreign strategy has had strong continuity since World War Ⅱ despite differences among successive presidents.Donald Trump's 2016 presidential campaign revealed ideas and goals for US strategy and strategy adjustment that differ significantly from those of predecessors.The decline in relative gains and rise in cost for US involvement in globalization are reasons for Trump to redirect US foreign strategy.The relative decrease of both US trade and foreign direct investment in the US,amid security threats and the identity crisis of the American people,has tremendously increased the pricetag for US involvement in globalization.     

What does Brexit Mean for the UK's Climate Change Act?

This article examines the potential implications of the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (so‐called ‘Brexit’) for the success and survival of the country's flagship climate policy, the Climate Change Act 2008. The impact of a ‘soft’ and a ‘hard’ Brexit for the main features of the Climate Change Act are assessed, building on documentary evidence and elite interviews with key policy‐makers and policy‐shapers. The article argues that the long‐term viability of the Climate Change Act was being threatened even before the EU referendum, and that Brexit will do little to improve this situation. Even though the existence of the Climate Change Act is not under immediate threat, a range of issues presented by Brexit risk undermining its successful implementation.     

论相对不诉的司法适用及完善

我国刑事诉讼法第142条第2款规定：＂对于犯罪情节轻微,依照刑法规定不需要判处刑罚或者免除刑罚的,人民检察院可以作出不起诉决定。＂相对不起诉,赋予检察机关对具体案件提起控诉的自由裁量权,但实践中其适用却并不充分。本文从相对不诉案件司法适用,实践中存在问题,以及对相对不诉适用的完善等方面进行了论述。     

制定中国民法典婚姻家庭编的思考与建议

中国民法典的编纂工作已经全面启动 ,婚姻家庭制度将作为其中的一编。婚姻家庭编的立法体例和内容如何确定 ,直接关系到民法典体系的科学性和制作的完整性。就制定《中华人民共和国民法典》婚姻家庭编的立法体例和制度设计提出相应的建议 ,以填补婚姻立法的空白 ,进一步完善婚姻法的各项规定 ,更好地保护公民的合法权益     

建构主义学习理论视野下的中国仲裁发展

仲裁持续发展与学习有着密切关系。本文从仲裁学习的含义、动机、内容以及方法四个方面,运用建构主义学习理论对两者的关系作了较为深入的分析。     

经济全球化时代国家主权的辩证法

在经济全球化时代 ,主权的性质再次引起各国学者的普遍关注 ,各种片面的、狭隘的主权观不断滋长蔓延 ,妨碍着国家主权的行使。因而有必要澄清各种思想 ,弄清主权的真正特性。从理论和实践两方面考察 ,主权是辩证的 ,即作为一种抽象的、终极性的独立自主权 ,主权是绝对的 ,既不可分割、也不可限制和让渡 ;而作为体现、保障主权的绝对性的主权权利和权力则是具体的、职能性的 ,因而是相对的 ,既可分割、也可限制和让渡。主权的绝对性和相对性不是相悖的 ,而是辩证统一的。主权的绝对性是无条件的 ,主权的相对性是有条件的。在国际交往和合作日益频繁、斗争日益激烈的社会 ,必须坚持主权的辩证法 ,才能更好地维护国家的独立、安全 ,充分实现国家利益