Preferential selection and outcome justice: Effects of justification and merit discrepancy

In applying the relative deprivation theory to preferential selection research, Singer (1991) used a within-subjects design and showed that ethnicity-based selection induced feelings of injustice among the disadvantaged target group, the Europeans; and that the level of felt injustice could be predicted by the discrepancy in merits between the successful minority candidate and the rejected European candidate. This study aimed to cross-validate the findings with a between-subjects design, and to ascertain whether the provision of either an ideological or a causal justification would reduce feelings of injustice. The results replicated previous findings and further showed that either type of justification exacerbated perceptions of injustice among European respondents, but it had no effect on fairness perceptions of Asian subjects. The theoretical implications of the results were discussed.     

“相对合理主义”及其局限性

司法改革的相对合理主义理论主要由三部分组成 :司法改革的长远目标 ,也就是司法合理化的基本标准和改革的方向 ;中国的现实条件对司法合理化的作用 ;在中国的现实条件下 ,可行、有效的司法改革与司法操作的路径与方法。第一部分是讲这一理论的前提 ,第二部分是讲这一理论在方法论上的基础 ,第三部分是讲相对合理主义本身所包含的内容以及它在实践中的运用方式 (这实际是两个问题 )。     

Analyzing conflict severity: Predictions of distributive justice theory for the two-subgroup case

This paper formulates a model of conflict based on the theory of distributive justice. The model begins with a condition we termcleavage: There is a perfect correlation between the distribution of a valued good and a grouping variable such as race, ethnicity, or sex. Cleavage sets the stage for conflict. Two key elements are specified—conflict severity and subgroup effectiveness—and their mathematical representation described. The paper analyzes the special case where the conflict involves two subgroups, and focuses on conflict severity. Analysis identifies several sources of variability in conflict severity: the relative sizes of the two subgroups; whether the advantaged subgroup is the smaller or larger; whether the collectivity values personal attributes (such as noble birth or athletic skill) or instead values material possessions; and the extent and shape of inequality in the distribution of material possessions. Results indicate, among other things, that, in a collectivity which values personal attributes, the smaller is the disadvantaged subgroup, the greater is the conflict severity. In contrast, in a collectivity which values material wealth, the direction of the effect of subgroup relative size on conflict severity depends on the distributional form of the valued material possessions. Results also indicate that, for given subgroup relative size, conflict severity is higher the greater the inequality in the distribution of valued material possessions.     

Discrimination and deprivation: The effects of social comparisons

This article deals with relative deprivation with regard to wages, particularly the effects of gender and occupational sex-type on justice evaluations and on the perception of individual and fraternal deprivation. Underlying this analysis of the factors that allow perceived discrimination to be translated into feelings of deprivation is the basic assumption that workers in different occupational and gender categories report different levels of relative deprivation primarily because of their diverse comparison criteria for evaluating their rewards. The empirical findings point to systematic gender and occupation-type differences in choice of comparison others and in justice considerations.This is a revised version of a paper presented at the 1988 meetings of the Social Justice and Societal problems convention, Leiden, The Netherlands.     

法人经营范围外行为的效力问题

通过对几种法人经营范围外行为效力理论的介绍分析,论证相对无效说的现实及理论合理性。对我国现行立法中的相关规定作一评论并对民法典草案的相应完善提出建议,也在此基础上对法人的权利能力、行为能力以及相关登记问题在未来的发展趋势进行探讨。     

ClEARSKIES BY2030

正Cutting carbon emissions has emerged as a key area of Sino-U.S.cooperation There are many topics on which China and the United States differ,but the need to reduce carbon emissions has become a shining example of bilateral cooperation and the future of the relationship between the world’s two largest economies.U.S.President Barack Obama and Chinese President Xi Jinping on November 12 announced their strongest     

中国与东盟的金融发展对温室气体排放的影响

本文以中国与东盟5国为研究对象，运用面板数据计量分析方法研究了金融发展对于温室气体排放的影响。结果表明，金融开放程度的提升会降低温室气体排放，金融中介的发展有助于降低温室气体排放，但金融市场的发展对于温室气体排放的影响不确定。榻应的政策建议足：提升中国与东盟各国的金融对外开放与合作程度，发挥金融对低碳产业的支持作用，建立起资本市场对环境信息的披露合作机制，促进中国与东盟碳金融市场一体化发展，推进中国与东盟的清洁能源投资合作等。     

基于全域ML指数的区域碳排放绩效研究——以浙江省为例

引入全域生产可能性集合,本文构建全域Malmquist-Luenberger生产率指数,测度了2005—2012年浙江省各地级市在碳排放约束下的生产率增长及其分解。研究发现：整体来说,浙江省各地级市的碳排放绩效平均增长率为2.16%,主要来源于技术进步的推动,管理体制改革对技术效率的促进作用有限,固定资产投资的快速扩张和外贸进出口的下滑对浙江省各地级市的技术进步具有负向影响。深化科技体制和管理体制改革,加快产业结构调整机制创新,大力推广减碳技术,是浙江省各地级市的当务之急。     

当代资本主义的变化与工会的作用

20世纪末的当代资本主义已不同于传统的早期资本主义 ,还具有调节生产力同生产关系、经济基础同上层建筑矛盾的能力 ,生产关系暂时还有容纳生产力发展的空间 ,工会已成为当代资本主义制度下的重要的社会平衡力量。     

嫌疑人近亲属作证境遇建构论

嫌疑人近亲属的作证境遇具有多重性和突性，负有作证义务却无法摆脱人性的呼唤。嫌疑人近亲属作证境遇重塑，应当从人性和法理双重视角进行反思，并在此基础上，探求将辩护机制引入犯罪构成理论，建构嫌疑人近亲属拒证权。