云南的民族宗教问题与和谐社会建设

民族宗教问题是构建社会主义和谐社会必须始终高度重视和正确处理的重大问题。云南是一个多民族、多宗教长期并存的边疆山区省,云南的民族宗教问题在全国具有典型性和代表性,对云南乃至全国的和谐社会建设发挥着重要影响。文章在认真总结云南正确处理民族宗教问题取得显著成就和丰富经验的基础上,深入分析了民族宗教问题对构建和谐云南的现实影响,并从民族宗教领域对构建和谐云南提出了一系列操作性很强的对策建议,对全国民族地区构建社会主义和谐社会具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Racial and ethnic differences in the risk factors associated with bully victimization

Bullying victimization has been recognized as a social issue facing a large proportion of America’s children and adolescents. Although important contributions to the knowledge base have been made regarding risk factors for bullying, little is known about whether a relationship between the potential victim’s race/ethnicity and their likelihood of bully victimization exists. Further, whether the factors that place persons at risk for bullying victimization are invariant across groups is unknown. The present study attempts to fill these voids in the literature by using a national sample and incorporating a more comprehensive list of predictors compared to what has been used in previous studies. Results indicate that risk factors for bullying are largely invariant across race and ethnicity.     

西部民族地区如何树立和落实科学发展观

西部民族地区如何树立和落实科学发展观,最关键的是要找准发展滞后的症结所在,唯有如此,才能有的放矢、有条不紊地做好发展工作。其中,对传统的发展理念、人才与教育工作、法制资源进行认真反思是当务之急。     

台江县反排村当代苗族习惯法民族志

台江县是全国最集中的苗族聚居县,由于特殊的地理环境和历史背景,较好地保留了原始苗族习惯法文化。历史上传承下来的桥崇拜规范、牯脏节规范、婚姻习惯法规范以及神判制度等仍然发挥着重要的社会控制作用。由于国家实行村民自治制度,很多苗族习惯法规范以村规民约的形式表现出来。村民委员会和村民调解委员会成员代替传统上的寨老对民间纠纷进行调解。     

“少生快富”与宁夏回族群众生育观念的转变

在由传统型社会向现代型社会转变的新时期,宁夏回族群众在生育问题上呈现出一些新特点与新动向,生育意愿与生育政策的差距逐渐缩小,实行计划生育的自觉性有所提高。这些改变对宁夏经济发展、生产力水平提高产生了深远的影响。     

Popular Culture, Power Relations and Urban Discipline: The Festival of the Holy Spirit in Nineteenth-Century Rio de Janeiro

The Festival of the Holy Spirit was considered the most important religious celebration in nineteenth‐century Rio de Janeiro. I discuss the popular practices of music, dance and theatre during the festival. By merging European waltz and the African batuque, the heterogeneous public re‐created and re‐invented a number of new genres that are at the roots of twentieth‐century Brazilian popular music. The festival of the Holy Spirit allows an examination of elite strategies and municipal policies regarding popular culture. In this respect, it is remarkable how much political use the Brazilian Empire made of the festival of the Holy Spirit and how its revellers fought for their celebration.     

性文化在西南少数民族社会发展中的地位和作用

在西南少数民族社会长期的历史发展过程中 ,形成了丰富多彩的性文化 ,它对民族社会的发展产生了巨大的“张力”。这一特殊的文化现象 ,是研究民族社会发展乃至人类历史进程的重要史料。研究与特定的民族心理、民族价值观念结合在一起的民族性文化与现代文明的冲突现象 ,将有助于民族文化建设 ,有助于制定民族自治政策和更好地实行民族地区公共事务管理     

属灵的冲突来自属物的冲突--东南亚宗教冲突初探

宗教问题和民族问题将是21世纪困扰人类社会最复杂的问题,东南亚是一个多宗教的地区,婆罗门教、佛教、伊斯兰教、天主教都曾经在东南亚盛行一时,东南亚国家在独立以后,一些国家内部的宗教冲突一直连续不断,特别是20世纪60、70年代泰国南部地区穆斯林和佛教徒之间的冲突;70、80年代菲律宾南部的穆斯林和天主教徒之间的冲突和90年代末印度尼西亚马鲁古群岛穆斯林和基督教徒之间的冲突,导致社会的激烈动荡,带来了经济、文化等方面的重大损失.本文通过分析60年代到90年代在东南亚地区发生的不同宗教教徒之间的冲突,阐释产生冲突的历史渊源,并从制度的角度观察精神世界的冲突.笔者认为属于精神层面的宗教冲突在很大程度上来自一些制度层面的失误.因此,解决宗教冲突的关键并不是单纯地针对精神层面的因素,解决宗教冲突的外部原因比解决宗教的内部原因更为重要.     

Neighborhood Opportunity and Location Affordability for Low-Income Renter Families

Abstract

We use the Location Affordability Index (LAI) and the newly developed Child Opportunity Index (COI) to assess, for the first time, the tradeoff between neighborhood opportunity and housing/transportation affordability facing low-income renter families in the 100 largest metropolitan areas. In addition to describing the opportunity/affordability relationship, we explore the level of balance between neighborhoods’ relative cost burden and their corresponding opportunity levels to determine whether children of different racial/ethnic groups are more (or less) likely to experience cost-opportunity imbalance. Our multilevel analyses show that housing affordability is largely accounted for by the neighborhood opportunity structure within each metropolitan area. The metropolitan characteristics examined account for only a small proportion of the between-metro variance in the opportunity/affordability gradient for housing, presumably because the neighborhood opportunity structure already reflects metro area factors such as fragmentation and segregation. On the other hand, transportation affordability shows a weaker association with neighborhood opportunity. The COI/LAI association is much weaker for transportation than for housing, and a large part of the variation in the transportation gradient occurs at the metropolitan area level, not the neighborhood level. Sprawl is particularly associated with transportation affordability, with lower sprawl areas having lower transportation-cost burden. We discuss the implications of the empirical findings for defining affordability in housing assistance programs. We recommend that housing policy for low-income renter families adopt an expanded notion of affordability (housing, transportation, and opportunity) and explicitly consider equity (e.g. cost-opportunity imbalance) in the implementation of this expanded affordability definition.