关于如何提高交警警务英语应用能力的研究

改革开放以来，经历了30年风雨历程的中国人民公安教育，培养了大批公安人才，他们具有扎实的基本功、严谨的业务知识以及执法能力，但英语应用能力普遍比较薄弱。目前，干警们普遍感到自己的英语水平处理涉外案件时力不从心，常常出现处理涉外案件或面对外籍人士求助时，只能面面相觑的尴尬局面。这既影响了涉外警务的处理，也在某种程度上影响了中国警察的形象。因此，开展警务英语培训，提高一线民警特别是交通警察的警务英语应用水平已经刻不容缓。     

一种新的当代警务机制——警务工程化

中国现实的粗放型警务实践亟须通过警务工程化制导转型升级。警务工程化的生成逻辑包括理论生成逻辑和实践生成逻辑。当代中国警务应主动地按照两条生成逻辑开展当代警务工程建设,以丰富警务品质,调整警务结构,控制警务运行,改善警务现状,提升警务功效,完成警务使命。     

我国社会警务组织的性质与类型研究

社会警务组织是国家警察的辅助力量,我国社会警务组织的形成和发展,有其现实的需要和理论的支撑。我国社会警务组织具有社会政治属性、法律属性和经济属性,企事业单位内部治安保卫组织、保安服务组织和基层治安自治组织是我国社会警务组织的三种主要类型。     

从“被动”走向“主动”：警务风格发展的必然趋势

体制改革是21世纪我国警察机构探索的主要方面。警务风格作为其重要组成部分,已引起越来越多的重视。转变传统的“被动反应式警务”为“主动出击式警务”方能适应新形势下警察工作的要求。对此,必须作到完善社区预防体系,变革现行的警察管理体制与目标管理模式,建立信息警务,提高警察素质。     

中国警务五十年实践的回溯及改革前瞻

中国50年警务模式的变迁非常相似于西方历次警务改革的轨迹和变革方向,即政治警务模式逐渐过渡到专业警务模式和反应式警务模式,最终向服务与权变警务模式靠拢。我国目前社区警务的推进必须关注以下问题:正确理解社区警务的概念、政府在社区警务战略中的作用、警察在社区警务战略中的定位、社区组织的健全与自治、社区认同感的培养、社区治安意识蕴育与强化。     

Apartheid Policing: examining the US migrant labour system through a South African Lens

This article draws a parallel between the Apartheid regime in South Africa and the post-IRCA immigration regime in the USA. I argue that both regimes were organised around Apartheid Policing, which may be defined as a legal process consisting of three mutually reinforcing mechanisms: differentiation of migrants into non-citizen insiders with legal residence rights and non-citizen outsiders without them; stabilisation of migrants as permanent or long-term residents, enabling the growth of the migrant workforce; and marginalisation of migrants as politically vulnerable outsiders, including exploitation at work. But the two regimes were supported by different political and ideological apparatuses. While placing a disproportionate burden on Latino migrants, the post-IRCA immigration regime differed from the Apartheid regime in that it was not organised around an explicit racial hierarchy, and offered non-citizens a greater array of rights. As a result, Apartheid Policing under the post-IRCA immigration regime is potentially more politically sustainable.     

Intervention at Risk: The Vicious Cycle of Distance and Danger in Mali and Afghanistan

In crisis-hit countries, intensive risk management increasingly characterizes the presence of international interveners, with measures ranging from fortified compounds to ‘remote programming’. This article investigates the global drive for ‘security’ from an ethnographic perspective, focusing on Afghanistan and Mali. By deploying the concepts of distance and proximity, the article shows how frontline ‘outsourcing’ and bunkering have generated an unequal ‘risk economy’ while distancing interveners from local society in a trend that itself generates novel risks. To conclude, the article asks whether alternative forms of proximity may help to break the vicious cycle of danger and distance at work in today’s crisis zones.     

The collation of forensic DNA case data into a multi-dimensional intelligence database

The primary aim of any DNA Database is to link individuals to unsolved offenses and unsolved offenses to each other via DNA profiling. This aim has been successfully realised during the operation of the New Zealand (NZ) DNA Databank over the past five years. The DNA Intelligence Project (DIP), a collaborative project involving NZ forensic and law enforcement agencies, interrogated the forensic case data held on the NZ DNA databank and collated it into a functional intelligence database. This database has been used to identify significant trends which direct Police and forensic personnel towards the most appropriate use of DNA technology. Intelligence is being provided in areas such as the level of usage of DNA techniques in criminal investigation, the relative success of crime scene samples and the geographical distribution of crimes. The DIP has broadened the dimensions of the information offered through the NZ DNA Databank and has furthered the understanding and investigative capability of both Police and forensic scientists. The outcomes of this research fit soundly with the current policies of 'intelligence led policing', which are being adopted by Police jurisdictions locally and overseas.     

RACE,DRUGS, AND POLICING: UNDERSTANDING DISPARITIES IN DRUG DELIVERY ARRESTS*

This article draws on several unique data sources to assess and explain racial disparity in Seattle's drug delivery arrests. Evidence regarding the racial and ethnic composition of those who deliver any of five serious drugs in that city is compared with the racial and ethnic composition of those arrested for this offense. Our findings indicate that blacks are significantly overrepresented among Seattle's drug delivery arrestees. Several organizational practices explain racial disparity in these arrests: law enforcement's focus on crack offenders, the priority placed on outdoor drug venues, and the geographic concentration of police resources in racially heterogeneous areas. The available evidence further indicates that these practices are not determined by race‐neutral factors such as crime rates or community complaints. Our findings thus indicate that race shapes perceptions of who and what constitutes Seattle's drug problem, as well as the organizational response to that problem.     

PROFILING AND POLICE LEGITIMACY: PROCEDURAL JUSTICE,ATTRIBUTIONS OF MOTIVE,AND ACCEPTANCE OF POLICE AUTHORITY*

This paper reports the results of four studies that investigate racial profiling as an attribution about police motives. Each study explores, first, the types of police behavior that heighten or lessen the occurrence of profiling attributions and, second, the consequences of such attributions. Results support prior studies in finding that judgments about whether the police are profiling are associated with the level of public support for the police. The studies then extend the analysis of subjective profiling judgments by examining their antecedents. The findings support the procedural justice hypothesis that the fairness with which the police exercise their authority influences whether members of the public view the police as profiling.