Criminogenic patterns in the management of Boko Haram’s human displacement situation

This article interrogates the management of the internal displacement caused by the activities of Boko Haram in Nigeria. The study utilizes qualitative methods to explicate the lived realities of internally displaced persons (IDPs) at three IDP camps. It accentuates the invention of criminogenic patterns that have fostered several state crimes in the management of the displacement situation. A series of cyclical patterns is highlighted: these patterns are constituted by and constitutive of the social conditions of the IDPs. The operations of a constellation of institutional and non-institutional actors in the displacement situation has led to (1) hoarding, diversion and theft of relief materials, (2) embezzlement of funds meant for IDPs, (3) use of ghost IDPs, (4) sexual and gender-based violence and (5) human trafficking and other forms of violence. The article concludes that this situation portends grave risks for state efforts to combat Boko Haram, as it may result in renewed grievances against the government.     

Citizens’ Readiness to Adopt and Use E-government Services in the City of Harbin,China

This study applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to investigate the factors that would influence adoption and use of e-government services by citizens of Harbin in China. A total of 382 respondents took part in the study. The findings of this research revealed that Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Service Quality, and Citizen Trust have significant positive impact on citizens’ intention to adopt and use e-government services while Perceived usefulness was found not to have any significant positive impact on citizens’ intention to use e-government services in Harbin, China. The implications of this study is further discussed.     

磷对成骨细胞超微结构及其GJIC和Ⅰ型胶原含量的影响

在体外培养成骨细胞(OB)的基础上,添加0、1、2、4mmol/L磷,作用2d后,采用电子显微镜观察OB的超微结构,采用划痕标记染料示踪技术观察细胞间隙连接通讯(GJIC);作用2、5、8d后,用BCA法蛋白定量试剂盒、Goat Anti-rat Collagen TypeⅠ试剂盒分别检测OB内总蛋白及Ⅰ型胶原的含量,并用DⅠ型胶原/D总蛋白表示Ⅰ型胶原的含量。结果显示,作用2d,4mmol/L磷组OB内线粒体减少、肿胀。4mmol/L磷组GJIC的荧光扩散距离减弱,1、2mmol/L磷组基本不变;就Ⅰ型胶原含量而言,除1mmol/L磷组在作用2d抑制其分泌外(P<0.05),在磷作用2、5、8d均促进其分泌(P<0.05)。结果表明,添加1、2、4mmol/L磷能促进OB的分泌Ⅰ型胶原;4mmol/L磷能抑制OB的代谢活性,且能抑制OB间通讯。     

Climate finance in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS)

Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) countries lack sufficient funds to combat climate change. The growth of projects under the clean development mechanism (CDM) is not consistent in the region and the relation of that growth to national GDP is not equivalent either. The disbursement of climate funds promised by different countries and donor organisations to different countries in GMS region is very low. A few countries have relied more on external funds to combat climate change, while some have developed their own funds. A strong database and involvement of civil societies might help the region better utilise these climate funds.     

连接论:对基于计算机隐喻的认知模型的质疑

本文比较了基于计算机隐喻的传统认知处理模型的内容与特点和新兴起的连接论的内容与特点,认为,连接论将取代传统的基于计算机隐喻的认知处理模型成为今后指导人类认知研究的主流思想;语言学等学科要取得突破必须抛弃计算机隐喻的影响。     

Applying frame analysis and reframing for integrated conservation and development: example from Mumbai

The way we frame a given problem structures the content that is brought into focus and thus the kinds of practical steps seen as necessary to alleviate it. This article interrogates two competing partial framings implicated in ongoing controversy over mangrove destruction in Vikhroli East, Mumbai, which have precluded integrated conservation and development. The article analyses the content of each particular framing, identifies their respective “blind spots”, and evaluates the validity of various frame components. It concludes with an exemplary alternative reframing arguably more conducive to social justice and sustainability in Vikhroli East and beyond.     

The Perception and Reaction of Indonesia to the Belt and Road Initiative and Suggestions for China's Response

Participation,support and understanding of countries along the Belt and Road are requisites for promoting and implementing this major initiative.Indonesia,a major ASEAN economy,is crucial but Indonesia has a limited perception of the B&R initiative.Although its government welcomes it and the ruling coalition cooperates positively,parts of the military and opposition are skeptical of China's intent.The B&R initiative is well-received among the Indonesian Chinese group,while Indonesian academic circles remain cautious and somewhat critical.From a Chinese viewpoint,easing negative or hostile emotions appropriately would be well-timed.China should settle the Natuna issue,adjust its publicity in Indonesia,use diplomacy,and promote Sino-Indonesia cultural exchange and commtnications.Chinese enterprises should focus on project quality and uphold social responsibilities.Short-term goals are reducing Indonesia's opposition and obstruction of B&R,while long-term goals are enhancing the recognition and likeability of the Initiative 's worthwhile plans.     

Customary and contemporary resources for women's empowerment in Bangladesh

In Bangladesh, dramatic social and economic changes are transforming historical forms of patriarchy with various impacts on pathways to women's empowerment. We hypothesised contemporary resources would be more strongly associated with women's empowerment, as reflected in their influence in family decisions. In cross-sectional analysis, we found the contemporary resources of employment and membership in NGOs were most strongly and consistently associated with women's influence in family decisions. Education was only modestly associated, as were customary resources, including age and fertility. Programmatic efforts to enhance women's empowerment should consider the rapidly changing environment and the importance of women's economic participation.     

Donkeys in development: welfare assessments and knowledge mobilisation

Donkeys provide important means of agricultural power, transport, and income generation for people in the developing world. Yet donkeys work in harsh environments and challenging socio-economic contexts whereby their health and well-being is often compromised. This article provides development researchers and practitioners with a donkey welfare assessment protocol merging natural and social science and emphasising a community-engaged approach. It focuses on the donkey's condition and on human attitudes and broader dynamics that shape particular welfare outcomes. A holistic understanding of donkey welfare issues is vital to ensuring appropriate and effective development interventions for the benefit of humans and their animals.     

How ‘terrorism’ does not end: the case of the Official Irish Republican Army

This paper is the first critical analysis of terrorism disengagement by the Official Irish Republican Army (OIRA). This process was conducted in instalments over nearly three decades. It has not been theoretically assessed as far as studies on ‘how terrorism ends’ are concerned, and it does not fit into any existing models of terrorism disengagement. The end of terrorism in relation to the OIRA is not only the story of a terrorist organisation ending its armed activities, but also a case study of terrorism disengagement with important policy implications for decision-makers faced with the threat of terrorism.