浙江畲族人群9个STR基因座的遗传多态性

目的调查浙江畲族人群STR基因座的遗传多态性,为群体遗传学和法医学个人识别、亲子鉴定提供基础数据。方法采用AmpFlSTRProfilerPlus试剂盒(ABI公司),ABI310基因自动分析仪对浙江畲族120名无关个体血样的D3S1358、VWA、FGA、D8S1179、D21S11、D18S51、D5S818、D13S317和D7S820等9个STR基因座进行等位基因频率和基因型频率调查。结果获得浙江畲族人群9个STR基因座的基因频率分布资料,所有基因座基因型频率分布均符合Hardy—Weinberg平衡,计算得杂合度(H)0.655～0.960,个人识别率(DP)0.878～0.960,非父排除率(PE)0.363～0.677,多态信息总量(PIC)0.68～0.86。结论该9个STR基因座在浙江畲族人群中呈高度多态性,在法医学及人类遗传学研究中具有重要意义。     

Generality, continuity, and change in offending

A number of criminological theories make either implicit or explicit predictions about the empirical relationship between prior and future offending behavior. Some argue that time-stable characteristics such as criminal propensity should account for any positive correlation between past and future criminal behavior for all individuals. Others contend that the positive association between offending behavior at different points in time are partly causal and partly spurious. Still others anticipate that different patterns will emerge for different groups (distinguished by their ciminal propensity) of individuals. Using a longitudinal data set comprised of 848 training school releasees, we test various hypotheses emanating from these different theoretical perspectives. The results indicate that (1) both stability and change have causal implications for one's offending behavior and (2) with but one exception, these effects do not vary between high and low criminal propensity groups.     

Contributions of quantitative methods to the study of gender and crime,or bootstrapping our way into the theoretical thicket

Researchers concur on the importance of gender to the study of crime but not on the particular methodological strategy that should be used when studying the gender-crime relationship. This paper examines the actual and potential contributions of quantitative methods for unpacking the gender-crime relationship. Three bodies of literature pertaining to the gender-crime relationship are examined: (i) offending, (ii) victimization, and (iii) criminal justice processing. The findings from this review indicate that while much knowledge about the gender-crime relationship has been uncovered with quantitative data, a commensurate amount of theoretical knowledge does not exist. The author concludes with substantive and methodological suggestions for furthering our understanding of the gendercrime relationship. This paper was prepared for the Plenary Session,Journal of Quantitative Criminology 10-year Anniversary, 1995 Annual Meeting of the american Society of Criminology, Boston, MA.     

24个Y-STR基因座等位基因频率的群体差异分析

目的调查华东地区汉族无关个体24个Y-STR基因座的群体遗传学多态性,比较华东汉族和广东汉族人群间的群体差异性。方法应用GFS 24Y STR荧光检测试剂盒,对华东地区268名汉族无关个体24个Y-STR基因座进行群体遗传学分析。比较华东汉族和广东汉族人群的等位基因频率,进行群体差异分析。结果华东地区268名汉族无关个体24个Y-STR基因座共检出235个等位基因,267种单倍型,GD值范围为0.564 9~0.966 8。华东汉族和广东汉族人群在DYS622、DYS552、DYS443等12个基因座的等位基因间的差异有统计学意义。结论 GFS 24Y STR荧光检测试剂盒中的Y-STR基因座具有良好的遗传多态性,可应用于父系亲缘关系鉴定。     

甘肃东乡族男性24个Y-STR基因座遗传多态性(英文)

目的检测24个Y-STR基因座单倍型的遗传多态性,探讨其法医物证学应用价值。方法应用AGCU Y24试剂盒和3130xl型遗传分析仪对154例甘肃东乡族男性无关个体的24个Y-STR基因座(DYS391、DYS389Ⅰ、DYS439、DYS389Ⅱ、DYS438、DYS643、DYS456、DYS458、DYS437、DYS635、DYS448、DYS527a/b、Y-GATA-H4、DYS447、DYS19、DYS392、DYS522、DYS393、DYS388、DYS390、DYS385a/b、DYS444)进行检测,获得其基因型分布情况。结果 154例样本中共检出153种单倍型,单倍型多样性为0.991 5和个体识别率为0.994 0。结论 24个Y-STR复合扩增体系具有较高单倍型遗传多态性和个体识别率。     

24个Y-STR基因座荧光标记复合扩增体系的建立

目的构建包含24个Y-STR基因座的荧光标记复合扩增体系。方法选择DYS531、DYS630、DYS622、DYS552、DYS510、DYS449、DYS459a/b、DYS446、DYS443、DYS635、DYS587、DYS527a/b、DYS460、Y-GATA-A10、DYS520、DYS557、DYS522、DYS481、DYS570、DYS385a/b、DYS444 24个Y-STR基因座,构建荧光复合扩增体系。检测该体系的特异性、同一性、灵敏度、扩增均衡性、抗干扰性和准确性,调查其在广东地区人群的基因多样性。结果建立的复合扩增体系在检测的非人类及女性样本中未发现谱带,同一个体不同组织检测结果一致,0.1 ng以上标准品9948可检测获得完整分型结果。常见抑制物中体系内加入120~200μmol/L血红素、1.5~2.0 mmol/L钙离子时出现等位基因丢失,对靛蓝、腐殖酸、EDTA具有较强抗干扰性。通过146例无关个体与Yfiler系统平行检测比对,24 Y-STR检测体系分型准确。广东地区人群单倍型多样性(HD)为0.999 72,优于Yfiler系统(HD=0.998 58)。结论本研究建立的24个Y-STR基因座荧光标记复合扩增体系法医学应用前景广阔,可用于案件检验、亲权鉴定与Y-STR数据库建设。     

Effectiveness of Coupled Application of AmpFℓSTR Yfiler Kit and Reduced Size Y‐chromosomal Short Tandem Repeat Analysis for Archeological Human Bones

The AmpF?STR Yfiler PCR Amplification (Yfiler) kit continues to be improved for a better analytical efficiency in cases of highly degraded DNA. The authors endeavored to determine whether coupling of the Yfiler kit with supplemental multiplex amplification of some Y‐STR loci is a more efficient analytical mode for poorly preserved human femurs (n = 15) discovered at Korean archeological sites. To reveal locus profiles not easily obtained by Yfiler analysis, custom‐designed primers were adopted for the DYS390, DYS391, DYS392, DYS438, DYS439, and DYS635 loci. The success rate for 16 Y‐STR locus profiles obtained from the 15 femurs was improved from 18.33% (in the use of Yfiler kit only) to 49.17% (the coupled use of Yfiler and custom‐designed primers). In this study, the authors established that the custom‐designed primers offer a markedly improved success rate for obtainment of Y‐STR profiles from degraded aDNA not easily identified by sole use of the Yfiler assay.     

Youth hate crime offending: the role of strain,social control and self-control theories

Much of the existing research on hate crime focuses on the perspective of victims, while relatively little is known of the offenders. This study examines the prevalence of hate-motivated offending in the form of assaults and bullying, and variables that may explain some of the influences for such behaviour. It compares hate-motivated offenders to both non-offenders and offenders committing non-hate-motivated acts. Our data are based on a nationally representative youth survey collected in 2012 (n = 4,855) from Finnish students attending ninth grade (ages 15–16). It relies on three central theories in criminology: strain, social control and self-control theories. Frequent parental fighting, low parental supervision, low social control and male gender were significant factors in explaining hate crime offending. Our results suggest that the three criminological theories are relevant in the analysis of hate crime offending among Finnish youth.     

Characterising the psychiatric comorbidities among adults with ADHD who have a history of offending

The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among adult offenders is significantly higher than in the general population. Adults with ADHD often present with multiple psychiatric comorbidities. This study aims to characterise the comorbidities presented by adults with ADHD who have offended and also to investigate predictors of offending among this population. Seventy-three participants with a diagnosis of adult ADHD were divided into a group with a history of offending behaviour (n = 30) and a group of non-offenders (n = 43). Groups were compared on measures of ADHD symptoms, substance use and DSM-IV Axis I and Axis II disorders using the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory – 3rd Edition. Major depression, cannabis use and childhood hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms predicted offending. These findings indicate that adults with ADHD who have a history of offending behaviour are more likely to present with complex psychiatric needs.