汉族人群DXS9898基因座的遗传多态性

目的研究汉族群体DXS9898基因座的遗传多态性,为法科学应用提供基础数据。方法应用PCR及PAG电泳技术,对成都地区汉族群体199名女性无关个体及97名男性无关个体进行群体遗传学调查。结果共检出6个等位基因,片段大小为189～214bp,其基因型分布符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡。家系调查证实等位基因的传递遵循孟德尔遗传规律。女性样本杂合度为0.5930;男、女性样本个人识别能力(Dp)分别为0.5667、0.9420;父-母-女三联体鉴定的非父排除率(PE)为0.5862。结论DXS9898基因座在法科学个人识别及女性小孩的亲权鉴定中具有较高的实用价值。     

Victim empathy in young sex offenders in the emergent adulthood developmental phase

ABSTRACT

This article reports on a study which focused on young sex offenders’ empathy levels for sexual abuse victims in general as portrayed in a case study, as well as empathy for the offenders’ own specific victims. Beckett and Fisher’s Victim Empathy Distortion Scale (1994) was used to measure and compare 96 young sex offenders’ empathy levels. The quantitative research results indicated that research participants displayed significantly less empathy towards their own victims when compared to the empathy displayed towards a general sexual abuse victim in a case study. Following the completion of the questionnaires, in-depth, qualitative data was obtained regarding the young sex offenders’ thoughts prior to, during and directly after committing the offence. In addition, they also explained their current thoughts and feelings for the victims in their case. The divergent responses which were given by the participants is a clear indication of the heterogeneous nature of youth sex offending.     

17个Y-STR基因座遗传结构及用于姓氏推断的价值

目的调查我国10个姓氏群体Y-STR的遗传结构,探讨其用于鉴定的价值。方法采用AB Y-Filer荧光检测试剂盒,选取我国占人口数量最多的10个姓氏(李、王、张、刘、陈、杨、赵、黄、周、吴),每个姓氏100名汉族男性个体,采用Y-Filer荧光检测试剂盒,检测17个Y-STR基因座的等位基因频率分布和单倍型多样性,计算其遗传距离并比较群体间差异。结果 10个姓氏间单倍型多样性与总的群体单倍型多样性无显著差异,姓氏间与姓氏内的单倍型随机匹配概率差异很小。分析共祖系数Fst以及Reynold’s遗传距离,10个姓氏间任意两个姓氏群体对应17个Y-STR的Fst值均小于0.01。结论中国汉族10个主要姓氏在大的范围内Y-STR不表现出姓氏特异性,不能用Y-STR进行姓氏推断。     

Exploring the Social and Individual Differences Among Victims,Offenders, Victim-Offenders,and Total Abstainers

An emerging line of research has begun to reveal that victims of crime share many characteristics with offenders, leading to the conclusion that the victim-offender overlap is quite substantial. Though research suggests victims and offenders are both likely to display signs of low self-control and to share certain lifestyle factors, few studies have sought to systematically analyze the various factors that converge (or diverge) across different groups: victims, offenders, victim-offenders, and total abstainers. Using data obtained from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we examined the risk factors associated with being classified into each of the four groups. Results revealed that victim-offenders—compared to others—tended to have the highest scores on risk factors for victimization and offending. Conversely, total abstainers tended to score the lowest on measures considered risk factors. Respondents classified as victim only and those classified as offender only were positioned somewhere between victim-offenders and total abstainers in terms of their level of exposure to risk factors. These findings may indicate that victim-offenders are a statistical group in need of greater attention, especially given the benefits that could extend to the broader population if successful outcomes through intervention were realized.     

J亚群禽白血病病毒的LTR体外启动活性分析

为分析J亚群禽白血病病毒LTR基因的体外启动活性,将其克隆至含有萤光素酶报告基因的pGL3栽体中,构建了LTR重组质粒及其缺失不同区段的重组质粒,转染DF-1细胞测定萤光素酶的表达情况.结果显示,缺失U3时萤光素酶的表达量明显降低,缺失U5时萤光素酶的表达反而上升,这表明U3区可能具有强启动子功能,而U5区可能具有负调...     

脱落毛发及毛干DNA的STR分型研究

目的探讨脱落毛发及毛干细胞核DNA提取、含量和STR分型问题。方法对脱落毛发或毛干进行DNA提取和定量,使用低扩增体系、增加循环次数和多次平行扩增等方法扩增DNA样本,采用叠加比较的方法分析STR分型。结果15cm脱落毛发样品DNA含量大于0．3ng的样品占52．8％,STR分型成功率为55．6％;15cm毛干样品DNA含量大于0．3ng的样品占30．6％,STR分型成功率为25％。结论采用增加循环次数、多次平行扩增等LCN—STR分型方法和Mini—STR试剂盒有助于脱落毛发及毛千的STR基因座分型获得。     

An STR Melt Curve Genotyping Assay for Forensic Analysis Employing an Intercalating Dye Probe FRET*

Abstract: The most common markers used in forensic genetics are short tandem repeats (STRs), the alleles of which are separated and analyzed by length using capillary electrophoresis (CE). In this work, proof of concept of a unique STR genotyping approach has been demonstrated using asymmetric PCR and a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)‐based hybridization analysis that combines fluorophore‐labeled allele‐specific probes and a DNA intercalating dye (dpFRET) in a melt match/mismatch analysis format. The system was successfully tested against both a simple (TPOX) and a complex (D3S1358) loci, demonstrated a preliminary detection limit of <10 genomic equivalents with no allelic dropout and mixture identification in both laboratory‐generated and clinical samples. With additional development, this approach has the potential to contribute to advancing the use of STR loci for forensic applications and related fields.     

A population genetic database of cat breeds developed in coordination with a domestic cat STR multiplex

A simple tandem repeat (STR) PCR-based typing system developed for the genetic individualization of domestic cat samples has been used to generate a population genetic database of domestic cat breeds. A panel of 10 tetranucleotide STR loci and a gender-identifying sequence tagged site (STS) were co-amplified in genomic DNA of 1043 individuals representing 38 cat breeds. The STR panel exhibits relatively high heterozygosity in cat breeds, with an average 10-locus heterozygosity of 0.71, which represents an average of 38 breed-specific heterozygosities for the 10-member panel. When the entire set of breed individuals was analyzed as a single population, a heterozygosity of 0.87 was observed. Heterozygosities obtained for the 10 loci range from 0.72 to 0.96. The power for genetic individualization of domestic cat samples of the multiplex is high, with a probability of match (p(m)) of 6.2E-14, using a conservative θ = 0.05.     

Autosomal short tandem repeat analysis of ancient DNA by coupled use of mini- and conventional STR kits

Abstract: Multiplex autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) genotyping enables researchers to obtain genetic information from ancient human samples. In this study, we tested newly developed AmpF?STR^® MiniFiler? kit for autosomal STR analysis of ancient DNA (aDNA), using human femurs (n = 8) collected from medieval Korean tombs. After extracting aDNA from the bones, autosomal STR analyses were repeated for each sample using the AmpF?STR^® MiniFiler? and Identifiler? kits. Whereas only 21.87% of larger‐sized loci profiles could be obtained with the Identifiler? kit, 75% of the same loci profiles were determined by MiniFiler? kit analysis. This very successful amplification of large‐sized STR markers from highly degraded aDNA suggests that the MiniFiler? kit could be a useful complement to conventional STR kit analysis of ancient samples.     

“A Plague on both Your Houses?”: Risks,Repeats and Reconsiderations of Urban Residential Burglary

Research has shown that mapping techniques are useful in forecasting future crime events. However, the majority of prospective mapping techniques has focused on the event-dependent influence of instigator incidents on subsequent incidents and does not explicitly incorporate the risk heterogeneity of the setting. The study here discussed is a modest attempt to address this issue by using a two-step process: first, using risk terrain modeling, we operationalized the “environmental backcloth,” (the risk heterogeneity of an area) to forecast locations of residential burglaries in the urban city of Newark, New Jersey. Second, using the near repeat calculator, we assessed the variability of underlying risk between different types of residential burglaries. A discussion of the findings and the joint utility of these approaches is provided.