20世纪20年代初安源工人代表会议制度的历史探索及经验启示

20世纪20年代初,中国共产党领导安源工人在革命实践中进行了各方面的建设,特别是模仿苏维埃制度模式,建立了十代表、百代表、总代表三级建构的工人代表会议制度,使安源工人在党早期领导革命斗争的局部范围内,实现了工人“做人”的资格和“作主”的地位,为安源工运在革命低潮中“硕果仅存”提供了政治保障。中共早期在安源工运时期建立的工人代表会议制度,为党探索人民代表大会制度提供了重要经验,对新时代坚持和完善人民代表大会制度具有深刻的启示。     

Candidate sex,corruption and vote choice

Existing research suggests that voters may view female politicians as less prone to corruption than male politicians. We argue that this voter belief can yield advantages to hypothetical female candidates as voters sometimes punish them less for bribe accusations. We test these propositions with hypothetical vignettes of sub-national executive races in Uruguay, Argentina and Chile. We find that only Uruguayans prefer allegedly corrupt female over male candidates, but when Uruguayans are told that hypothetical corruption is widespread, they do not prefer accused females. Moreover, voters in none of the countries prefer females among candidates who have fought corruption. Our findings thereby demonstrate that voters’ preferences for corrupt female candidates in hypothetical races can vary not only according to the specific justifications for the wrongdoing, but also across countries.     

Investigation into "normal" background DNA on adult necks: implications for DNA profiling of manual strangulation victims

Others have investigated the role that DNA profiling could play as a method for identifying the perpetrator of manual strangulation. These studies have demonstrated that it is possible to collect offender DNA from the skin surface of a victim following physical contact. It is not known whether nonself biological material is normally present on the skin surface due to adventitious transfer occurring during innocent everyday interactions. To test the hypothesis that detectable amounts of nonself DNA are normally present on the skin surface of healthy adult individuals due to the adventitious transfer of DNA occurring during normal day-to-day social interactions, we designed an experiment in three phases. Phase 1 was used to deduce which DNA collection, extraction, and amplification methods were suited to investigating this question. During phase 2, the neck surface of 24 healthy adult volunteers was swabbed. DNA was extracted using the QIAamp DNA mini kit and amplified using the SGM Plus PCR amplification kit, using 28 PCR cycles. The work carried out during phase 3 involved a simulated assault to investigate primary and secondary transfer of DNA during physical contact. It was found that 23% of neck areas swabbed during phase 2 of this investigation showed nondonor alleles in the resulting DNA profile, with 5% of areas showing six or more nondonor alleles. The results of phase 3 showed that primary, secondary, and zero transfer of victim and/or offender DNA could be observed after physical contact and that alleles from an unknown source could still be detected in this more controlled experiment. The data presented in this paper demonstrate that DNA profiles generated after swabbing the skin surface of healthy adults can include components of an unknown source, present due to adventitious transfer. These components, if present in large quantities, have the potential to interfere with DNA profile interpretation of swabs taken for the investigation of physical assault by DNA profiling.     

刑事被害人权利保障的缺失及完善

在我国现行的刑事诉讼法律体系下,虽然明确将被害人定位为当事人并赋予其一系列诉讼权利,但仍存在众多权利保障的缺失需要立法加以完善.我们必须架构一种既符合我国本土国情又具备先进理论支持的制度,具体来说应当完善被害人委托诉讼代理人制度,完善其在审查起诉阶段的陈述意见权,赋予其独立提起附带民事诉讼的权利和独立上诉权,获得国家补偿的权利,获得社会保障体系保护的权利,给予刑事犯罪被害人有力的法律救济,以彰显法律的公平和正义.     

犯罪防治与和谐社会构建——中日犯罪学研讨会综述

以犯罪防治与和谐社会构建为主题,中日犯罪学研讨会着重对三个问题进行了深入研讨:和谐社会与恢复性司法、和谐社会与刑事政策、和谐社会与跨境犯罪.其中关于和谐社会的构建、被害人权利保护、未成年人犯罪、社区矫正等问题是与会者关注的焦点.     

刑事诉讼检察监督与被害人权益保护问题探讨

从阐明刑事诉讼检察监督的涵义入手,介绍了刑事诉讼检察监督与被害人权益保护之间的关系,进而指出其在被害人权益保护方面存在的问题,最后结合我国司法现状,就检察监督如何加强对被害人的保护提出若干建议.     

监狱监管安全事故的综合测定研究——监管安全事故的月度实发指数的编制

首先在阐述编制事故实发指数意义的基础上,给出实发指数的数学定义及其多角度评估监管安全整体状况的作用;其次就编制实发指数的具体统计技术进行较为详尽的介绍,包括监管安全事故的界定与数据采集、事故类型与级别区分、数据的整理描述、事故分值的汇总、事故的季节变动分析、各种实发指数的编制与实证;最后指明建设监管安全预警系统的路径.     

领导干部宪法意识问卷调查与实证分析

公民是否具有良好的法律意识乃至法律信仰 ,历来是法治的重要实现条件。而其中宪法意识又是国民法律意识的核心部分 ,尤其是党政领导干部如何看待和认识宪法 ,将在很大程度上决定和影响国民乃至整个国家的宪法态度。本文在大量问卷调查和统计的基础上 ,客观描述了我国领导干部的宪法意识现状 ,分析了领导干部宪法意识的特点 ,对提高培养领导干部宪法意识的途径也进行了有益的探索。     

强奸行为精神赔偿的法理分析

本文以“全国首例贞操权案”引发的话题从法理上探讨了给予强奸行为受害者以精神赔偿请求权的必要性。作者认为 ,给予强奸行为受害者以精神赔偿请求权符合“责任相当”的法律责任归责原则、符合不同法律责任的功能互补和请求权的特性 ,有利于被害人的人权保护 ;这也为国外立法和判例所承认。通过简短的历史考察 ,作者发现我国现有的强奸行为法律责任制度是伴随着源于清末修律的“法制现代化”进程而形成的 ,其移植于西方但其最终形成又有特殊背景。     

关于南京市杜区从业人员状况的调查与思考

随着城市现代化建设进程的不断加快,社区逐渐成为就业的一方热土,成为吸纳下岗失业人员的"蓄水池".对此,南京市总工会对南京市城区相关社区的200名从业人员的就业状态、分布领域及生存现状等情况进行了调查,并在此基础上对社区从业者的状况以及社区服务业的走向进行了初步探讨.