论我国刑事被害人的权利保障——中日法律的实效分析

我国刑事被害人权利保障体系的构建,一方面应注重体系的完整性,另一方面,应充分关注各种制度实践向度的现实可行性.从中日法律的具体实效角度进行比较分析,有利于全面规范我国被害人的权利保障、权利认知与权利救济制度,立足现实国情,提升对刑事被害人权利的关注,有效保障被害人利益.     

浅谈教代会代表主体意识的确立及强化

高校教代会代表是教代会所有活动的主要承担者。加强和完善教代会制度,必须改革教代会代表的选举办法,改善代表结构,不断确立及强化教代会代表的主体意识,充分发挥教代会代表的作用。     

受害人同意的效力限制

在美国侵权法中,受害人同意是被告针对原告提起的故意侵权[1]诉讼可以主张的抗辩事由之一.受害人同意是被告针对原告提起的故意侵权诉讼所主张的抗辩事由.被告的抗辩得到法庭支持,必须以同意的有效成立为前提.同意的效力一般会受到同意的能力、同意的范围、同意的基础、同意的内容等因素的影响.     

Is All Politics Indeed Local? A Comparative Study of Dual Mandate‐Holders’ Role Attitudes and Behaviours in Parliament

The practice of dual mandate‐holding, i.e. the simultaneous occupation of a political mandate at the (sub)national and the local level, is understudied in the comparative literature. Dual mandate‐holders embody the most direct link between local and central government, yet research has disregarded whether these actors actually feel and act as local ambassadors in parliament. In this article, we study whether councillors in parliament feel responsive for local grievances in terms of their respective role attitudes and behaviour, using the PARTIREP Comparative MP Survey. The estimated regression models demonstrate that dual mandate‐holders indeed perceive themselves as local brokers, even when controlling for various systemic‐, party‐ and individual‐level factors. On the other hand, they struggle to translate their localized attitudes into localized parliamentary behaviour, which could call one of the main arguments in favour of dual mandate‐holding into question.     

An Analysis of Hounsfield Unit Values and Volumetrics from Computerized Tomography of the Proximal Femur for Sex and Age Estimation

Sex and age are two elements in the establishment of a biological profile for forensic identification. While the pelvic bones are the most ideal structures for sex estimation, the condition of a body is not always ideal due to the nature of death, such as in mass disasters, or postmortem processes. This study utilized CT scans and resultant 3D models of 100 male and 100 female adults of known ages ranging from 18 to 98 years old to collect volumetric and Hounsfield unit measurements of the proximal femur. Equations were created to establish logistic regression models for sex estimation and linear regression models for age estimation. The resultant sex estimation method had an accuracy of 93.5% and utilized the volume of the proximal femur. This study provides three linear regression models for age with an accuracy range of 86%–92% ±12 years. As imaging technologies are increasingly adopted for forensic purposes, the power of 3D data will provide the opportunity for more quantitative and reproducible analyses. The proposed method for sex and age estimation provides a reliable tool that can be utilized in both day-to-day casework and disaster victim identification.     

The 2018 California Wildfires: Integration of Rapid DNA to Dramatically Accelerate Victim Identification

In November 2018, Butte County, California, was decimated by the Camp Fire, the deadliest wildfire in state history. Over 150,000 acres were destroyed, and at its peak, the fire consumed eighty acres per minute. The speed and intensity of the oncoming flames killed scores of people, and weeks before the fire was contained, first responders began searching through the rubble of 18,804 residences and commercial buildings. As with most mass disasters, conventional identification modalities (e.g., fingerprints, odontology, hardware) were utilized to identify victims. The intensity and duration of the fire severely degraded most of the remains, and these approaches were useful in only 22 of 84 cases. In the past, the remaining cases would have been subjected to conventional DNA analysis, which may have required months to years. Instead, Rapid DNA technology was utilized (in a rented recreational vehicle outside the Sacramento morgue) in the victim identification effort. Sixty-nine sets of remains were subjected to Rapid DNA Identification and, of these, 62 (89.9%) generated short tandem repeat profiles that were subjected to familial searching; essentially all these profiles were produced within hours of sample receipt. Samples successfully utilized for DNA identification included blood, bone, liver, muscle, soft tissue of unknown origin, and brain. In tandem with processing of 255 family reference samples, 58 victims were identified. This work represents the first use of Rapid DNA Identification in a mass casualty event, and the results support the use of Rapid DNA as an integrated tool with conventional disaster victim identification modalities.     

导致过度劳动因素的贡献估计 —— 基于因变量方差分解法

过劳是一种不健康状态,危害严重。有诸多因素导致过劳。估计这些因素对过劳贡献所采用的计量方法大多为回归分析、相关分析等,可以发现导致过劳的显著变量并估计其边际贡献,但不能估计这些变量对过劳贡献的比重,据此难以确定反过劳政策的重点。因变量方差分解法用于估计自变量对因变量方差的贡献,可用于估计导致过劳的因素对过劳的贡献。研究显示,导致过劳因素依其对过劳的贡献依次为:劳动强度、工作时间、工作满意度、应酬状况、工资拖欠状况、相对支付能力、工作环境、年龄、城市级别、性别、工作单位类型等。     

我国公民政策参与的理论思考

公民参与公共政策过程不仅能够为行政机关制定政策建构新的合法性来源,也可以为行政权力的理性化行使配置新的制约力量。但是,基于不同的体制和制度安排,公民参与的效果又存在着较大差异。我国公民政策参与表面轰轰烈烈、实际效果不彰的原因在于缺乏合适的权力体制的配合。因此,赋予公民以实体性的参与权,同时对国家权力的分配格局作出一定程度的调整,是摆脱公民参与困境的一个可能出路。     

内幕交易民事责任制度主体问题研究

所谓内幕交易民事责任,就是指内幕人因从事内幕交易活动所应承担的不利民事法律后果.内幕交易民事责任通过对内幕交易侵权人和受害人利益的合理再分配,达到保护受害人合法权益,维护证券市场公平交易的目的.受证券交易实践和司法审判条件的限制,长期以来我国对于内幕交易仅规定了行政责任和刑事责任,而并未规定民事责任,因此内幕交易受害人的合法民事权利,始终无法得到有效的保护.     

刑事被害人过错责任之实证考查

通过对浙江省湖州市2005年665件刑事案件的研究表明,在实践中,很多犯罪和被害人的过错有很大关系,被害人存在明显的过错,对犯罪的引起具有举足轻重的作用.作为刑事被害人具有的这类过错,要承担相应的过错责任.