从社会性别视角对延安时期新女性的研究

文章从女性的经验和视角出发,探究延安时期新女性所经历的“妇女解放”的艰辛历程。以翔实的资料,展现出延安新女性在革命者与妻母角色、家庭责任与女性自我发展、男性歧视与女性的苦闷这些矛盾冲突中的现实处境。     

From Sancitity to Screening: Genetic Disabilities, Risk and Rhetorical Strategies in Wrongful Birth and Wrongful Conception Cases

This analysis scrutinises the rhetorical strategies used by judges in wrongful life and wrongful birth actions as evidence for the assertion that the judicial reading of public policy in such cases has undergone a significant shift which is likely to accelerate as genetic knowledge grows and health care resources shrink. The implications of the predicted move towards increased genetic testing of prospective parents are traversed in relation to feminist analyses of the impact of genetics on reproductive technology. These are viewed as forming a nexus with the current social constructions of disability and the contemporary cultural preoccupation with risk, in a context of the increasing commercial importance of genetic information. It is argued that women cannot make free and informed choices about genetic testing and pregnancy unless legal and social mechanisms which protect those choices are in place. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

马克思再生产理论与西方经济增长理论的比较及对我国的启示

马克思的社会资本再生产理论和西方经济增长理论，既有历史联系，也有着本质的区别。两者的分歧体现在对经济增长的本源、动力、条件和结果作出了不同的解释，根源在于思想基础和方法论上的对立。当前，构建指导社会主义经济发展的经济增长理论，既要发展和完善马克思关于经济增长的基本原理，也要有选择地比较、借鉴和吸收西方经济增长理论中的一些技术性的分析工具。     

论教育社会学中的新马克思主义——S.鲍尔斯和H.吉丁斯的对应理论及其转向

资本主义的物质生产不是单纯的技术过程,同时也是一种社会过程;而学校生产劳动力也不是单纯的技术过程,同样是一种社会过程。这两种社会过程反映出的社会关系,可以也必须用来做个对比,才能深度理解学校教育。对应理论,是鲍尔斯和吉丁斯将生产过程的社会关系与教育制度的社会关系进行比较之后得出的一个用以解释说明学校教育何以如此的理论。这一理论,始终试图论证的是教育与社会的对应关系、以及教育改革必须依靠社会制度改革的先行。它第一次展现了社会再生产的学术视角,关注到了潜在课程,也为冲突、文化的研究打下了基石,对教育理论和研究影响深远。     

猪和兔附红细胞体的形态学及生殖方式观察

应用光镜和电镜对猪和兔附红细胞体的显微和超微结构进行了观察。结果表明,猪和兔附红细胞体在光镜和电镜下的形态结构、大小以及在红细胞上的附着方式等均无显著差别,其形态多为球形、卵圆形,直径0.2～2.5μm,在红细胞表面以一根或数根纤丝连接成串珠状或单个寄生。在透射电镜下,首次观察到附红细胞体边缘有一段20～30nm厚的光亮区域,并且在扫描和透射电镜下同时观察到附红细胞体的出芽生殖现象。由此推测,附红细胞体的发育方式为成熟的附红细胞体以出芽的方式产生1个未成熟形态的附红细胞体,随着未成熟形态附红细胞体的发育,逐渐从成熟附红细胞体体内脱离出来,最后以纤丝与成熟附红细胞体相连接;脱离出来的未成熟形态的附红细胞体黏附到同一红细胞或临近红细胞的膜上,最终发育成1个成熟的附红细胞体。     

Further Evidence on the Anatomical Placement of the Human Eyeball for Facial Approximation and Craniofacial Superimposition*

Abstract: Recently a small sampled cadaver study (n = 4) suggested that the human eyeballs are placed closer to the orbital roof and lateral orbital wall as first reported in the anatomical literature many years previously. This contrasts with central positioning of the eyeball within the orbit as advocated by the facial approximation literature. Given the limits of such small samples, this study re-examined globe position in nine new cadavers to help clarify which relationship is accurate. The results essentially confirm prior empirical findings except that the mean lateral divergences from the orbit center were found to be larger—the eyeball was found to be “displaced” 1.4 mm superiorly and 2.4 mm laterally. Medians calculated across all 13 cadavers from this study and the above-mentioned recent report refine these measurements to 1.4 and 2.3 mm respectively. Globe projection values were identical to those observed for living individuals (c. 16 mm).     

Voices heard and unheard – A Scandinavian perspective

Children's rights to participate in legal processes concerning them have been a key policy issue for the Scandinavian legislators during recent decades. From the 1980s, there have been frequent amendments to the law to secure the position of the child. Despite numerous provisions stating the right of the child to express his or her views and for these to be considered before decisions are taken, there are continuing obstacles to full recognition of children as legal subjects. Too often children's voices are not heard or not heeded. This article explores the reasons for this and argues that the ambition to promote equal parenthood is one reason for the failure to give the child's views real impact on decision-making in matters concerning children.     

以共同育儿为业:跨越儿童抚育的家庭边界——以一个城市社区的“抱团养娃”实践为例

本文聚焦于城市化背景下的"抱团养娃"实践,深入探讨在抚育职责被"家庭化"的当下,抚育实践如何在一定程度上重新跨越"家庭"的边界。以社区共育为基点,妈妈们的努力既从私人层面上为在陌生城市中资源不足的小家庭找到更多社会支持,又在公共层面上带动孩子们以温度和情感重塑社区认同、黏合社会转型带来的制度缝隙,体现出独特的现实意义与支持力量。"以共同育儿为业"背后,是女性试图在既有的结构约束下找到被私人化的抚育照料重担与公共生活之间的连接点,在本研究中体现为共育支持网络的形成、共育友好空间的营造、亲子活动内容的生产和共育文化的建构四个方面。这为思考如何将"社会"重新带回抚育实践中提供了想象,也拓宽了对女性主体性的理解。     

人口再生产价值视角的女性生育和劳动权益保障

近年来,我国生育政策进行了几次调整,体现了国家对人口再生产在社会发展中重要性的认同,但是生育率未能得到有效提升,而女性在劳动力市场遭受歧视的现象依然广泛存在.研究认为,生育与工作家庭的冲突是我国生育现状的主要影响因素,而"全面三孩"政策可能加剧这种冲突.研究建议:应以人口再生产与物质生产理论为基础,重新审视人口再生产在...     

The unexpected effect of social status on reproduction: a case study in Joseon Korea from the nineteenth to the twentieth centuries

We examine how parents have made decisions about the number of children they have, given their social status in accordance with residential location (either urban or rural areas) and time (either the pre-modern or modern periods). We use two sets of microdata – Jokbo and Jejeokbu – spanning the early nineteenth to mid-twentieth centuries in Korea. Combining the two data-sets, we use multiple imputation to fill the missing entries of some observations and apply a Poisson regression model on the augmented data. Our empirical results reveal statistically significant evidence that higher socioeconomic status is related to having more children. Additionally, our findings indicate that: (1) all else being constant, among high-status people, rural residents had more children than urban families; (2) for people born between 1800 and 1945, those born closer to the 1940s tended to have fewer children; and (3) during modernization, there was still a significant trend for high-status families to have more children.