对国际储备规模定量分析的评价

在经济全球化日益加剧的年代 ,掌握合理的国际储备是保障一国经济持续稳定发展的一个重要因素。然而对国际储备的适度规模问题长期以来存在着不同的观点。目前比较有代表性的是比例分析法、需求函数分析法和成本———收益分析法 ,但都有一些不足之处     

Utilization and satisfaction of volunteer law enforcement officers in the office of the American sheriff: an exploratory nationwide study

Many government organizations utilize volunteers to enhance services, and volunteers have been used in law enforcement agencies for a variety of functions. However, volunteers in American policing are a largely under-studied part of the criminal justice system. This current paper examines the utilization of volunteer reserves, auxiliaries, and special deputies in the office of the American sheriff. The article also examines the perceived organizational characteristics of those agencies that treat volunteers the same as regular full-time sworn deputies by allowing them full power of arrest and the authority to carry a weapon on and off duty. The results generally show that volunteer deputies that are treated the same as their full-time counterparts in regard to authority and responsibility are generally more satisfied with their role within the organization and report greater satisfaction with the organization in terms of communication, leadership, and professionalism.     

The geopolitics of Brazilian soybeans

Soybean plays a major role in the development of Brazilian agribusiness, and in turn in Brazilian geopolitical power as well. It is a pillar of Brazil's insertion into a ‘new multi-polar world order’ as basis for much Brazilian land ownership in neighboring countries, for the extension of political influence in Africa, and it is especially important for balancing trade with Brazil's new primary commercial partner, China. Yet the US dollar and North Atlantic transnational companies still control global soybean markets and production technologies. In a context marked by booming but volatile commodity prices, food crises, riots and revolutions in food-importing countries, a global rush for farmland, and severe droughts and climate change, the soybean agribusiness in Brazil takes on new and crucial geopolitical significance. I trace the geopolitical role it has served in consolidating the ‘green revolution’ in Brazil, and raise questions about the intersection between agroindustrial markets and currencies: could agricultural commodities serve geopolitical functions (and thus contestation) similar to those ‘petro-dollars’ have served since the 1970s? These considerations show how the political ecology of soybean shapes and is shaped by inter-regional and global-scale processes, and reveals new directions for research on the emerging geopolitical landscape of our century.     

中日外汇储备成因实证分析

新世纪以来,全球外汇储备空前增加,而日本和中国的外汇储备增加尤为引人注目,但两国外汇储备增加的成因却有本质上的不同。中国为经常项目和资本项目下的双顺差,日本为经常项目顺差、资本项目逆差下的外汇储备的持续增加。虽然一国外汇储备总量在一定程度上表明了其经济实力,增强了各自对外的贸易支付能力和还债能力,有助于防范新的金融危机,但过高的外汇储备及不合理的来源结构也伴随着新的金融风险。以国际收支理论为基础,通过实证分析方法,深入研究中国和日本外汇储备增长的原因,比较中日外汇储备来源特征,可以为解析中国外汇储备问题提供一定的理论依据。     

关于我国降低存款准备金率几个问题的思考

目前我国有调低存款准备金率的可能。但达到调节经济效果有一定难度。通货紧缩内在形成机制不同决定着政策手段的多样性,而通货紧缩持续发展的经济背景的复杂性使单纯的存款准备金政策无力调节;信贷供求、银行经营理念及货币乘数不确定性致使中央银行对商业银行信贷控制效应弱化;货币流通速度时常变化加大货币需求测量难度;非银行机构的发展影响到存款准备金政策的公平性。     

高能货币结构与货币供给控制

在C／D形式上,现金持有比例实际上是由中央银行决定的。它会在高能货币变化时变化,因此不是影响货币乘数的因素,从而也不是影响货币供给的因素。在C1／D形式上,现金持有比例是由公众决定的。在高能货币变化时,它保持稳定,从而作为影响乘数的因素参与货币供给的决定,并导致高能货币的两个部分－现金发行和商业银行储备－的货币乘数不同。这说明高能货币的结构也会影响货币供给。     

Protecting The Third Pole

正Local residents,with support from the government,are protecting the fragile ecology of the HimalayasThe Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—the highest elevated region on Earth—is home to five mountain peaks that are more than8,000 meters above sea level,including the8,844.43-meter Mount Qomolangma(also known as Mount Everest in the West).In recent years,more and more tourists have traveled to     

Lowering the Financing Cost for the Real Economy

正In 2014,a large amount of companies have to pay back their debts.Lowering the financing cost for the real economy and hedging the deleverage risks has become an urgent task for China.The central bank’s cut on the reserve requirement ratio for county-level rural commercial lenders(see page 6)comes at the right time on the back of rising borrowing costs.[Editor’s Note:The reserve requirement ratio sets the minimum fraction of customer deposits that each commercial bank must     

浅析印度经济改革对外汇储备增长的影响

印度于 1991年推行新经济政策 ,开始了使印度经济迈向“自由化”、“全球化”的经济改革。为此 ,历届印度政府不断加大改革力度 ,适时调整经济政策 ,促使印度的经济改革取得令人瞩目的成就。其中最大的亮点之一是印度的国际收支状况得到极大的改善 ,外汇储备持续增加。这将为印度进一步的经济改革提供更大的动力 ,有助于印度经济的稳定增长。