Section 8 Renters in the Phoenix,Arizona, Foreclosure Crisis: Implications for Poverty Deconcentration

How the recent U.S. foreclosure crisis affected federal housing mobility programs has not been well studied. This article explores the crisis’s impact on low-income renters receiving Section 8 vouchers in Phoenix, Arizona. We find that (a) 8% of voucher holders lived in homes that underwent foreclosure, (b) they were in comparably affluent neighborhoods, and (c) most eventually moved after foreclosure. Yet, those who moved after foreclosure were not overtly disadvantaged in the housing market. This unexpected finding may be explained by the opening up of new housing opportunities for voucher holders as foreclosures in more affluent areas were converted to rentals. Overall, this research suggests that the foreclosure crisis did not adversely affect the Section 8 program’s goal of deconcentrating poverty in Phoenix and may have even advanced it—a dynamic potentially occurring in other formerly booming and economically distressed Sunbelt regions.     

监视居住下侦查权边界的研究

在监视居住措施下,侦查机关的管辖权、侦查权、讯问权、监视权应当得到有效规范,其权力边界应当得到明晰。这不仅有效保障了公民的人身和财产安全,而且让侦查机关在监视居住期间的侦查行为能够有法可依,依法有据,认清侦查权力与滥用职权的边界,从而避免侦查机关滥用职权的风险,克服刑讯逼供的隐患,洗刷非法拘禁的嫌疑,减少国家赔偿的损失,真正体现侦查机关作为人民卫士的神圣使命和中国特色社会主义法治理念的优越性。     

Predicting Initiator and Near Repeat Events in Spatiotemporal Crime Patterns: An Analysis of Residential Burglary and Motor Vehicle Theft

Near repeat analysis has been increasingly used to measure the spatiotemporal clustering of crime in contemporary criminology. Despite its predictive capacity, the typically short time frame of near repeat crime patterns can negatively affect the crime prevention utility of near repeat analysis. Thus, recent research has argued for a greater understanding of the types of places that are most likely to generate near repeat crime patterns. The current study contributes to the literature through a spatiotemporal analysis of residential burglary and motor vehicle theft in Indianapolis, IN. Near Repeat analyses were followed by multinomial logistic regression models to identify covariates related to the occurrence of initiator (the first event in a near repeat chain) and near repeat (the subsequent event in a near repeat chain) events. The overall findings provide additional support for the argument that neighborhood context can influence the formation and context of spatiotemporal crime patterns.     

集体行动困境的应对之道--以广州市老旧小区加装电梯工作为例

老旧小区加装电梯是一项面向特定空间、特定人群的准公共产品,居民协商是实现这一公共产品供给的集体行动,但居民的个体理性会导致实施时出现集体行动困境。广州是国内较早开展这项工作的城市,通过访谈和政策内容分析梳理广州市老旧小区加装电梯的工作历程,结合集体行动理论分析老旧小区加装电梯面临的协商规模和价值偏好的困境,并在此基础上进一步探讨居民协商集体行动困境的破解之策。广州市的经验不仅为其他城市老旧小区加装电梯提供了借鉴,也为今后通过制度设计促成居民集体行动、推进城镇老旧小区改造工作,形成社区治理的长效机制提供了有益的启示。     

日本、韩国、新加坡引入中国劳工制度的比较研究

日本、韩国和新加坡是中国对外劳务合作的重要国家。三个国家的中国劳工输入制度具有一定共性,即中国劳工从事低技能、无技能工作,受到移入国法律保护,劳工引入具有暂时性、配额管制、高度依附、"品质"管控等特点,差异既体现在对中国劳工的身份定位上,日本定位为"学习技能者",韩国和新加坡则定位为"劳动者";还体现在劳工引入方式上,日本引入模式为混合驱动型,韩国为政府主导型,新加坡则是市场驱动型。对三国中国劳工输入制度的比较研究,可以为中国对外劳务合作和海外劳工权益保护提供重要参考。     

Gradient constraint in voting: The effect of intra-generational social class and income mobility on turnout

As the connection between an individual’s socioeconomic status and electoral participation originates from the socialization process in childhood and adolescence, inequalities in voting are often argued to be relatively stable throughout the life cycle. However, social mobility during adulthood may mitigate the effects of family background. Using individual-level register-based data, this study examines the extent to which changes in adults’ social class and income between 2000 and 2011 influenced voting propensity in the 2012 Finnish municipal elections. The results show that turnout among socially mobile voters settles between the stable members of their socioeconomic group of origin and destination. Our findings imply that intra-generational social and economic mobility can constrain the socioeconomic gradient in turnout.     

Subject Index

No abstract available for this article.     

屌丝及其社会阶层固化的原因分析

作为一个流行语,"屌丝"体现了特定青年群体的真实存在状态,该群体的典型特征是"矬穷丑",其在物质积累、社会地位、爱情婚姻及向上流动等方面都遭遇了较大阻力,属于较为低下的社会阶层。"逆袭"是屌丝突破阶层固化限制、实现身份翻转、进入社会上升通道的过程。社会转型的时代背景、不公平的教育资源分配、屌丝群体自身的价值观念与生活方式等因素的交互作用,共同合力于这一过程,造成屌丝逆袭的困境。     

Rawls's Difference Principle as Compensation for Social Immobility

Outside academia, John Rawls's theory of justice—justice as fairness—has had little impact. This article is part of a broader project to rectify this. I offer a distinctive, second‐best, argument for Rawls's difference principle. The difference principle requires that inequalities in income and wealth are justified only if they benefit society's least‐advantaged citizens. My paper argues that, slightly‐modified, the difference principle is an excellent principle of redress in light of the UK's continued failure to give all citizens fair career chances. I show how we might realize the difference principle at the level of policy through tax rate reductions or negative tax rates. I conclude that if you don't want to accept the second‐best argument for the difference principle you must get serious about giving all citizens fair career chances. As I suggest, this task is extremely difficult.