The grey area between nationality and citizenship: an analysis of external citizenship policies in Latin America and the Caribbean

Literature on diaspora engagement policies, transnational and extra-territorial citizenship has painted the increasing recognition of dual nationality and the extension of state policies to the diaspora as a signal of states leaving behind the paradigms of exclusive nationality and residence as conditions to exercise citizenship. In doing this, this literature tends to treat citizenship and nationality as synonyms. By analysing the citizenship policies of 22 Latin American and Caribbean states towards their nationals who reside abroad and/or acquire another nationality, we add key nuances to such consideration: nationality and citizenship may relate to different legal statuses – with important consequences for migrants – and there might be differences also between the citizen rights of nationals by origin and of nationals by naturalization. In particular, we show that citizenship and nationality interact in different ways when it comes to the preservation of rights for emigrants: the distinctions allow restricting the portability of citizenship rights for nationals by birth, and other groups of nationals, depending on the exclusivity, and origin, of their national belonging. These distinctions tell a potentially different story of how citizenship is conceived of by states as they approach the challenges of membership and participation posed by emigration, and paint a less rosy picture with regard to the demise of exclusive nationality.     

Class,Politics and the Progressive Dilemma

This article considers contemporary class inequalities and how they might shape a progressive politics in the UK. Drawing on findings from the BBC Class Survey, it outlines changes in the class structure, class mobility and class identities. It is argued that the class structure is increasingly polarised and fragmented, with a wealthy elite, a vulnerable precariat and fragmented middle and working classes in between. Declining upward social mobility is a source of anxiety for middle‐class and working‐class parents alike. Class identification, especially working‐class identification, has weakened over time, although class snobbery is far from dead. Class has changed and the class basis of politics is changing now too. A progressive politics is possible if the political parties of the centre‐left appeal to the majority of the electorate rather than one class, acknowledge common concerns and worries and appeal to shared hopes and dreams that straddle class boundaries.     

Blocked Mobility and the Rise of Cultural Nationalism: A Reassessment

This paper provides an empirical assessment of the blocked mobility thesis, especially in regard to its use to explain the rise of cultural nationalism. The thesis states that young university students see their upward mobility thwarted and as a result develop nationalist movements which, they believe, will provide them with an independent state and open up career opportunities for them. Using quantitative archival data from Ireland during the early 1900s and Canada during the 1960s, this paper challenges the major assumptions of the blocked mobility thesis. For these two cases it was found that there was neither an overproduction of graduates nor a contracting state structure, two essential preconditions of the blocked mobility thesis. This empirical finding forces us to develop an alternative approach to explaining the rise in cultural nationalism. Part of this paper is taken up with outlining this alternative approach.     

居住空间的扩张与反扩张之战——如何通过执行程序予以平衡

随着人们居住空间的日益紧密,由此引发的相邻纠纷案件逐渐增多。如何对这类案件妥善执行,以使居住空间的扩张与反扩张之战能够平息,这已经成为法院执行工作中的一个难题。只有在分析此类案件原因的基础上,采取若干可行的对策,才能有助该类问题的解决。     

异质性技能、岗位匹配与就业动态

In this article, we consider a new Keynesian dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with heterogeneous skills and investigate employment dynamics in China's labor market. The Bayesian impulse response functions of technology shock shows that employment and the new hiring of high skill labor would increase when this shock hits the economy, but meanwhile, employment and the new hiring of high skill labor will decrease. The Bayesian impulse response functions of technology shock predicts that employment increase along with the positive monetary policy shock, but the increase of employment can attribute much more to the low skill labor. The Bayesian impulse response functions show that employment of different skills respond differently to the same exogenous shock, meaning that the model with heterogeneous skills may be more reasonable. Then, the result of Bayesian shocks decomposition argues that the employment of low skill labor shows much more volatile than the high skill labor.     

非法侵入住宅罪保护法益探究——借鉴国外学说视角下的反思

非法侵入住宅罪作为对于公民住宅的侵犯的犯罪,在现实中,何种程度侵入住宅的行为在刑法上侵犯了什么样的刑法法益,是学者和司法判例一直争论不休的一个问题。在规范刑法学的视域下,在研究国外各种观点的基础上,对于非法侵入住宅罪的认定,应该将其保护法益认定为保护个人住宅的安宁,并且,在分析个案时,必须结合规范违反的判断。     

BITING ONCE,TWICE: THE INFLUENCE OF PRIOR ON SUBSEQUENT CRIME LOCATION CHOICE

Properties, victims, and locations previously targeted by offenders have an increased risk of being targeted again within a short time period. It has been suggested that often the same offenders are involved in these repeated events and, thus, that offenders’ prior crime location choices influence their subsequent crime location choices. This article examines repeated crime location choices, testing the hypothesis that offenders are more likely to commit a crime in an area they previously targeted than in areas they did not target before. Unique data from four different data sources are used to study the crime location choices of 3,666 offenders who committed 12,639 offenses. The results indicate that prior crime locations strongly influence subsequent crime location choices. The effects of prior crime locations are larger if the crimes are frequent, if they are recent, if they are nearby, and if they are the same type of crime.     

Intergenerational income mobility in Gothenburg,Sweden, 1925–1958, before the rise of the welfare state

This paper investigates intergenerational mobility at the household level by using tax data for the city of Gothenburg, Sweden for two periods, 1925–1947 and 1936–1958, before the rise of the welfare state. Young households (selected persons under 18) are followed and income mobility (defined as changes in household disposable equivalent income) is followed across generations. In addition, socioeconomic mobility (defined as changes in the socioeconomic status of household head) is followed across generations. These two approaches of measuring mobility will tell us to what extent sons and daughters follow in their fathers' footsteps before the rise of the welfare state in Sweden. The results indicate significant intergenerational income mobility for both periods, while the period from 1925–1947 seems to be more mobile. In addition, socioeconomic mobility increased during the last period, 1936–1958. Hence, even before the rise of the welfare state, Sweden had high intergenerational income mobility.     

关于促进人才流动的理论思考

人才流动是解决我国人才匮乏与人才浪费并存局面的有效途径。本文对这一问题作了一些理论上的思考。     

中国农民工的流动与城乡可持续发展

农民工的流动是社会各界关注的热点问题。农民工是社会经济发展过程中产生的一个特殊的利益群体。农民工的流动既是劳动力市场配置的客观要求,又是市场经济发展的必然结果;它既能壮大农村经济,又能推进城市化进程。