应用数字图像识别系统研究正畸治疗前后腭皱形态变化

目的利用腭皱数字图像识别系统对正畸治疗前后腭皱形态匹配正确率的分析研究,为法医学中同一认定提供理论依据。方法利用正畸患者治疗前后腭皱形态数字图像,通过腭皱数字图像识别系统对图像的特征进行提取并收录到腭皱数字库,运用Matlab软件完成对腭皱形态数字图像的信息匹配处理。结果正畸治疗前后,个体性检测匹配正确率各自都达到100%。正畸治疗前后腭皱形态匹配正确率为95.67%,配对检验结果 P0.05,具有统计学意义。结论腭皱形态具有高度的个体特异性,正畸治疗后腭皱形态会发生多种变化,但对同一认定的影响不大。腭皱形态识别为法医学同一认定提供一种新的方法和途径。     

从J市艾滋违法者调查看社会公共安全对策

近年来,艾滋违法犯罪逐渐引起社会的广泛关注,其对社会公共安全带来极大危害和威胁。＂艾滋小偷＂、＂艾滋卖淫女＂、＂艾滋吸毒者＂正成为困扰各地公安机关的难题。我们基于J市的实证调查,提出进一步完善防控＂艾滋＂违法犯罪的如下社会公共安全对策建议：建议全国人大常委会在修订《传染病防治法》、《治安管理处罚法》、《监狱法》、《劳动教养管理法》、《禁毒法》时能充分考虑到有利于防治艾滋病工作的开展,使艾滋病防治工作更好地走上法制化的轨道;各地应加大财政支持力度,加强对艾滋违法犯罪人员羁押监管场所的建设;坚持预防为主,努力消除艾滋病传播的危险因素,特别要加强公安民警职业暴露的防护工作。     

NGO服务于未成年人非刑罚处置的途径

未成年人违法犯罪亟待重视,对未成年人非刑罚处置需要政府企业和理论界的共同努力。非政府组织(NGO)在未成年人非刑罚处置中具有公益性、独立性、专业化、灵活性的服务优势。NGO可以通过对未成年人直接服务和影响其他组织或人员达到调节未成年人心理和行为矫治的目的。     

福州处置“2·25”涉疆抢劫案舆情引导之启示

福州市警方在应对"2·25"涉疆抢劫案过程中,通过积极稳妥的案件处置工作和及时有效的舆情引导工作,化解危机,使涉警负面信息、煽动民族对立情绪等有害信息得以遏制、消除,取得了媒体褒扬、群众拥护、嫌犯认罪、民警满意的最佳效果,有效维护了社会安定。其成功之关键在于把好"三道关":舆情研判、案件处置、新闻发布。该案应对处置的主要启示是:研判决定导向、速度抢得先机、权威提升公信、尺度赢取主动、联动提高效率。     

论宽严相济的刑事政策在监狱刑罚执行中的运用

宽严相济的刑事政策是当今我国的刑事政策。监狱的宗旨是惩罚和改造罪犯,监狱的根本任务是将罪犯改造成为守法公民。在监狱的刑罚执行工作中,必须贯彻宽严相济的刑事政策,做到宽严相济、区别对待,才能更有效地改造罪犯。     

Acetyl Fentanyl: Trends and Concentrations in Metro Detroit

Acetyl fentanyl (N‐[1‐phenethylpiperidin‐4‐yl]‐N‐phenylacetamide) is a potent opioid analgesic with no medicinal uses. We report deaths between 2016 and 2017 at the Medical Examiner's Office in Detroit, MI where acetyl fentanyl was found in the decedent's blood and compare them to previously published deaths between 2015 and 2016. The recent cases (cohort B) had a mean acetyl fentanyl concentration of 0.9 ng/mL (range: 0.1–5.3 ng/mL) and an associated higher concentration of fentanyl along with multiple other drugs present. The older cases (cohort A) had higher concentrations of acetyl fentanyl (mean: 8.9 ng/mL; range: 0.28–37 ng/mL) with lower, yet still toxic, concentrations of fentanyl. We conclude that the cause of death in these recent cases was likely multiple drug toxicity with fentanyl and that the consistently observed lower peripheral blood concentrations of acetyl fentanyl are most likely an artifact in the manufacture of the consumed illicit fentanyl.     

An Exceptional Case of Acute Respiratory Failure Caused by Intra‐Thoracic Gastric Perforation Secondary to Overeating

An 18‐year‐old female patient arrived at the emergency department complaining of abdominal pain and fullness after a heavy meal. Physical examination revealed she was filthy and cover in feces, and she experienced severe abdominal distension. She died in ED and a diagnostic autopsy examination was requested. At external examination, the pathologist observed a significant dilation of the anal sphincter and suspected sexual assault, thus alerting the Judicial Authority who assigned the case to our department for a forensic autopsy. During the autopsy, we observed anal orifice expansion without signs of violence; food was found in the pleural cavity. The stomach was hyper‐distended and perforated at three different points as well as the diaphragm. The patient was suffering from anorexia nervosa with episodes of overeating followed by manual voiding of her feces from the anal cavity (thus explaining the anal dilatation). The forensic pathologists closed the case as an accidental death.     

Research Foundations of Greenbook Interventions to Address the Co‐Occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Adult Domestic Violence

Twenty years ago the National Council of Juvenile and Family Court Judges published Effective Intervention in Domestic Violence and Child Maltreatment: Guidelines for Policy and Practice, which became known as the Greenbook because of its green cover. This article presents the social science research leading up to the Greenbook and the 20 years beyond the publication of this seminal document, including examination of the effect of co‐occurrence of child maltreatment and exposure to domestic violence on child outcomes, the interventions for families to improve the safety of both child and adult victims, and future directions for research.     

Evolving Federal Policies and Their Implications for Greenbook Interventions

This article addresses the influence of the Greenbook on federal policy in the past 20 years and traces the history of federal policy responses to the co‐occurrence of domestic violence and child maltreatment. While there has been some success in getting the domestic violence and child abuse fields to embrace equally the needs of adult and child survivors of domestic violence, federal legislation has progressed slowly, reflecting that ambivalence. Strengthening cross‐system policy advocacy and increasing evidence that addressing domestic violence improves outcomes for children are identified as ongoing needs.     

Assessing for bruises on the soul: identifying and evidencing childhood emotional abuse

The term ‘emotional abuse’ is acknowledged by law in the Children Act 1989 and refers to the wider social concept of harm that occurs in the psychosocial domain. Emotional abuse is a contested notion and a form of harm that statutory child protection social workers find difficult to recognise and gather evidence of. Early preventative intervention approaches, which occur outside the legal system, are the preferred course of action in work with emotional abuse. However, child protection social workers may use their statutory powers and duties to implement interventions when cases are deemed to require attention within legal frameworks.Professionals routinely fear legal work in cases of emotional abuse, feeling inadequately equipped to engage effectively with the law. This article draws on rich research data, gathered for an Economic and Social Research Council funded doctoral project. The data offers an original perspective on the interaction between social work and law, adding to existing literature on the frictions that exists. Using psychosocial methods, the research explores social worker experiences of identifying and evidencing emotional abuse, with particular attention to the application of ‘attachment theory’. The article shines a light on some practice complexities of identifying and evidencing emotional abuse.