不完全行为能力人侵权责任构成之检讨

依立法者原意,我国侵权责任法第32条第2款系规定被监护人对受害人的无过错责任,且排除责任能力制度的引入。但此种规定过于偏惠受害人,对被监护人不公,不利于未成年人保护,与同法第33条发生评价上矛盾,与比较法上认识不合,实为法政策上失误。故应采客观解释,认为该款仅规制监护人与被监护人之间的内部求偿关系,被监护人责任之构成,则应适用第6条第1款之一般过错责任。至于责任能力制度之阙如,可以过错概念之操作暂时弥补其不足。监护人责任之基础,在于监护义务之违反,性质上属于自己责任、独立责任。监护人责任之构成适用第32条第1款之无过错责任,悖于立法目的,且与同法第9条第2款发生评价上之矛盾,自立法论而言,以改采过错推定为宜。解释论上,只能充分利用同条第1款后段之责任减轻规范,扩张监护人之责任阻却事由,对"行为人致人损害"要件作严格认定(尤其是要求行为人须具备客观过错),稍作弥补。此外,无论是监护人还是被监护人,都可能依特定要件,向受害人承担同法第24条之公平责任。在对受害人之关系上,监护人与被监护人承担连带责任。     

从使用武力法看保护的责任理论

保护的责任是21世纪初国际上出现的新理论。将该理论中的军事干涉因素与《联合国宪章》关于使用武力的规定进行比较,观察近10年来国际社会的有关实践,可以认为该理论并未在国际法上改变现行的使用武力法规则,国际社会对该理论中军事干涉问题并未形成共识。现阶段对以军事手段实施保护责任应持谨慎态度。     

从加害给付看违约责任与侵权责任之竞合——兼评《合同法》第122条

违约责任与侵权责任竞合是民事责任竞合的典型形式,两大法系主要国家的立法模式各不相同,学者的理解亦莫衷一是。其基本理论传统上只是笼统概括违约责任与侵权责任之竞合,并未仔细区分民事责任具体责任承担方式之间的竞合以及不同性质利益之间竞合等具体情形;同种性质责任承担方式之间才存在责任竞合,应当厘清不同的具体承担方式、区别不同性质利益。     

The economics of environmental law enforcement: end-of-life vehicles

Abandoned End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) have been an environmental concern for a long time in a number of countries. This article examines different ways to address the issue by changing the incentive structure for agents. Following (Polinsky A. M., & Shavell, S. (2000). The Economic theory of public enforcement of law. Journal of Economic Literature, 38, 45–76.) a model is used to compare a fine-based system with a deposit-refund system; a combination of the two is then considered. It is shown that when the environmental harm is relatively low and constant, a deposit-refund system is preferred. When cases of high environmental harm are included, the optimal choice would be a combined system.      

Influence of eco-product innovation and firm reputation on corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage: A mediation-moderation analysis

Eco-product innovation is a response to environmental legislation and social responsibility movements. Established agricultural manufacturers must figure out how to use green ideas and reputation to compete for business excellence. This study adopted a knowledge-based approach to examine corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage. This study also examined how eco-product innovation and reputation affect firms' competitive advantage. The proposed model was tested on 427 Nigerian agro-allied manufacturers using causal pathways and structural equation modeling. Business competition is directly and indirectly affected by corporate social responsibility, eco-product innovations, and firm reputation. Additionally, eco-product innovation partially mediated the nexus between corporate social responsibility and competitive advantage, while reputation moderated the influence of eco-product innovation. The findings suggest that manufacturers pursuing green initiatives should strive to participate in an eco-friendly competition and deal with policy pressures in order to meet environmental standards. Overall, this study adds the environment and business competition to the idea of innovation.     

股东直索责任性质的博弈解析

我国《公司法》第20条与第64条对股东直索责任采“连带责任”提法,但对究竞为何种连带责任却语焉不详,由此形成学界争议。直索责任的性质问题在本质上是共同连带责任与主从连带责任的制度抉择,是法律对于选择权的不同配置。在由两种责任方式所构建的不同博弈模型中,可观测到债权人与股东各自如何作出不同的行动决策并进而导致何种结果,从而得出共同连带责任的制度安排更为切合制度目标的结论。     

老年人犯罪宽宥制度刍议

随着我国进入老龄化社会,老年人犯罪现象日益突出。我国自古就有敬老的传统,《刑法修正案（八）》增加了老年人犯罪宽宥制度的规定,对老年人故意犯罪和过失犯罪作了区别规定,并严格限制了对老年人死刑的适用,这不仅不会影响司法公正,而且对提升我国的司法形象有着积极的影响。     

农民工市民化之政府责任探析

农民工市民化问题是我国城市化战略的重要一环,就现在而言,农民工面临着收入低、就业难、治病贵等一系列问题,因而政府作为城市治理主导者,应该在解决农民工问题上负起相应的责任,发挥该有的作用,积极深化制度改革,转变管理模式,更好地促进农民工市民化进程。     

陕西副省级以下城市综合文化行政责任主体的完善

在中央文化体制改革总方针指引下,陕西作为文化资源大省,对副省级以下城市综合文化行政责任主体进行了改革,精简了机构,提高了效率。在新一轮文化大发展的背景下,陕西也面临着新的任务。如何进一步向服务型政府转变,科学设置文化行政主体的内部机构,加强法治建设,是新时期的主要目标。     

Language dubbing and cultural comprehension: the comparative effects of Kiswahili language dubbing in Kenya

SUMMARY

This article investigates the relationship between the issues surrounding the Tempe incident, as reported in the press, and the communication barriers which were identified during the research study conducted by the author of this article.

The study is based on convergence theory which states that when members of different cultures communicate with each other they will, over time, converge to a state of greater uniformity provided that communication between the members is unrestricted.

To determine whether conditions exist that could facilitate or impede convergence a survey was conducted. The questionnaire for the survey was developed from impressions gained during focus group interviews. A factor analysis was performed to determine the location and extend of the communication barriers.

The findings of the study, the impressions gained and the statements released by the press were correlated to emphasise the restriction of communication and the unlikeliness of convergence. The author tries to emphasise the serious implications of the barriers indicating that the barriers and the impressions gained are indicators related to the Tempe incident and should be given the necessary attention. An important finding is the correlation between the statements (grievances) made during the focus group discussions, the communication barriers and the media reports, especially those in the press.

From the findings it can be deduced that the diversity in culture leading to different perceptions, ignorance of the other culture and language need to be addressed. The problem of feedback ie regulated information is one of great concern.