建立符合我国国情的沉默权制度

处于被司法机关审查状态的公民 ,可以自主地选择说话或不说话的方式表达其意志。沉默的表示应当视为以不作为的方式与司法机关合作 ,将正常行使沉默权纳入抗拒的范畴是不妥的。我国“坦白从宽 ,抗拒从严”的传统政策应当修正为 :“坦白应当从宽 ,沉默受到保护 ,抗拒必须从严”。正确意义上的“坦白从宽 ,抗拒从严”与沉默权并不矛盾。在保护人权的同时 ,必须强化国家的司法权 ,根据我国的国情 ,对沉默权应当予以必要的限制。当前 ,应当审慎地对刑诉法第93条进行修改 ,明确规定沉默权只能有限行使     

从“稳定”到“公正与效率”——1990年-2005年最高人民法院工作主题变迁的经济原因考析

在1990-2005年最高人民法院工作报告中,我国法院工作主题经历了由“稳定”到“公正与效率”的变化。分析引起我国法院工作主题变化的经济原因,有助于我们正确把握中国司法体制改革的走向。     

Racism and sexism at work

Both racism and sexism have had the effect of handicapping selected groups in terms of salary and access to jobs, promotions, and power. However, the categories of race and gender, and the experience of racism and sexism, differ in many ways. This article reviews the differences resulting from definitions of race and gender, as well as those differences stemming from historical, legal, and demographic factors. In particular, we focused on the interactive effects of racism and sexism in the experience of women of color. We examine the assumption that affirmative action operates equivalently for all racial and gender groups, and suggest some directions for further research.     

侦查程序的性质研究

对侦查程序的性质进行研究 ,其源起的语境应当成为分析的切入点 ,并通过对其荷载历史样态存在的应然性进行解读 ,客观地探讨侦查程序所存“习惯” (行政程序性质 )的“合理性” ,窥探出侦查程序背后深藏着决定其构建体系的固有的规定性 ,追源出理论依据 ,转换侦查程序现存范式 ,超越现有“文本”的目标。     

自然法学说中“正义”观念的历史变迁

]“正义”始终是西方自然法的最高价值追求。本文从自然法发展的古代、中世纪、近代和现代历史时期中 ,找寻蕴藏其中的正义观念及其理论思维方式 ,提出自然法的正义观在历史中走过了自然本体、自然本体之异化的上帝本体、社会本体和程序本体四个不同阶段 ,并分析说明 ,当代中国法治社会可以从这种历史变迁中汲取什么。     

论行政诉讼目的的唯一性

我国现行行政诉讼法将其立法目的确定为“保证人民法院正确、及时审理行政案件 ,保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益 ,维护和监督行政机关依法行使行政职权。”这种立法目的的多元化使得我国行政诉讼制度的进一步健全和完善缺乏一种明确的动机和方向。通过对行政诉讼价值考量及对行政诉讼法的作用、功能和程序设计的研究 ,“保护公民、法人和其他组织的合法权益”应是行政诉讼的唯一目的     

The Evolving Structure of the Environmental Justice Movement in the United States: New Models for Democratic Decision-Making

Over the last two decades in the United States, mainstream environmental organizations have reduced, rather than increased, democratic participation by citizens in environmental problem-solving. The environmental justice movement, on the other hand, has served to enlarge the constituency of the environmental movement by incorporating poorer communities and oppressed people of color into environmental decision making process; build community capacity by developing campaigns and projects that address the common links between various social and environmental problems; and facilitate community empowerment by emphasizing grassroots organizing over advocacy. This paper outlines the different components in the environmental justice movement. It is our contention that if researchers and policymakers continue to conceive of the ecological crisis as a collection of unrelated problems, then it is possible that some combination of regulations, incentives, and technical innovations can keep pollution and resource destruction at tolerable levels for more affluent socioeconomic populations. However, poor working class communities and people of color which lack the political–economic resources to defend themselves will continue to suffer the worst abuses. However, if the interdependency of issues is emphasized as advocated by the environmental justice movement, then a transformative environmental politics can be invented.     

Distributive Justice and Crime

The heavy concentration of crime on a few areas, and the concentration on the chronically victimised within those areas, together illustrate the gross inequality of the risk of crime victimisation. This inequality also characterises other hazards of life. Criminology has too often reduced the problem of crime to the problem of the offender. Recognising crime hazard as an issue of distributive justice requires a different mind set. The Crime and Disorder Act 1998 recognises the drivers of crime as lying outside criminal justice, but does not put in place a panhazard analysis of the kind required, community safety being presented as a type of crime prevention. Movement towards panhazard thinking may well be somewhat facilitated by the workingthrough of the incorporation of the European Convention on Human Rights, actions flowing from section 17 of the Crime and Disorder Act, and a reconsideration of how emergency services might work.     

“以德治国“方略的新理念

江泽民同志的“以德治国“思想是对国内外治国经验的科学总结,体现了建立和发展社会主义市场经济的必然要求,是继党的十五大提出的依法治国,建立社会主义法治国家之后,在治国方略上对马克思主义国家学说的丰富和发展.     

"假日经济"与中国旅游福利计划

2000年,中国成为全球第五大国际旅游接待国,并形成了全球最大的国内旅游市场,正在由旅游大国向旅游强国迈进.其中,为繁荣国内旅游市场立下汗马功劳的"假日旅游",已经发展成为我国"假日经济"的重要表现形式,它的形成和发展,为我国逐步实行"旅游福利计划"创造了市场机遇,开拓了发展空间.