湖北地区德国牧羊犬10个微卫星DNA基因座遗传多态性研究

目的研究85头德国牧羊犬的10个基因座多态性。方法选用美国应用生物系统公司的10个商用犬微卫星基因座荧光标记复合扩增试剂盒进行PCR、并进行统计学分析。结果对85头德国牧羊犬的10个基因座的多态性研究表明,10个基因座累积DP值在0.9999972,非父排除率在0.9399,微卫星DNA基因座PEZ6、PEZ8、FHC2054的等位基因数均在8个以上,DP值接近或超过0.9,杂合度接近或超过0.7,能有效地应用犬的个体识别和亲权关系鉴定,其它7个基因座均未达到理想的个体识别和亲权鉴定使用条件。结论联合使用多个犬微卫星基因座,可以用于犬的个体识别和亲权鉴定。     

Unemployment and the dynamics of offender populations

This paper models the increase in the participation rate of criminal behavior as either the initiation rate or the career length of criminals changes in response to increases in unemployment. Even with large instantaneous increases in unemployment, the models show a very slow increase in the criminal participation rate, giving a possible explanation of the failure of many studies to demonstrate a link between unemployment and crime levels.     

论行政合同的基本特性

行政合同是行政主体为直接实现行政的目的或单纯为行政事务与他方订立的合同。在行政主体合同权利的限制、行政主体在合同中的特权、合同的瑕疵与救济方面,行政合同均存在有别于普通合同的特性。这些特性意味着行政合同具备自身存在的理论基础和实践价值。     

Microbial metagenome profiling using amplicon length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction proves more effective than elemental analysis in discriminating soil specimens

The combination of soil's ubiquity and its intrinsic abiotic and biotic information can contribute greatly to the forensic field. Although there are physical and chemical characterization methods of soil comparison for forensic purposes, these require a level of expertise not always encountered in crime laboratories. We hypothesized that soil microbial community profiling could be used to discriminate between soil types by providing biological fingerprints that confer uniqueness. Three of the six Miami-Dade soil types were randomly selected and sampled. We compared the microbial metagenome profiles generated using amplicon length heterogeneity-polymerase chain reaction analysis of the 16S rRNA genes with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy analysis of 13 elements (Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Si, and Zn) that are commonly encountered in soils. Bray-Curtis similarity index and analysis of similarity were performed on all data to establish differences within sites, among sites, and across two seasons. These data matrices were used to group samples that shared similar community patterns using nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis. We concluded that while chemical characterization could provide some differentiation between soils, microbial metagenome profiling was better able to discriminate between the soil types and had a high degree of reproducibility, therefore proving to be a potential tool for forensic soil comparisons.     

人权公约与生命权的刑法保护的比较研究

生命权是国际社会公认的基本人权。珍爱生命、保护生命权日益成为联合国国际人权公约和国际社会所致力追求的目标。刑法作为一国法律体系的重要组成部分,由于其保护法益的广泛性、重要性及其对违法行为制裁的严厉性,使得刑法对公民生命权的保护较之其他部门法而言更具举足轻重的意义。但就刑法对生命权的保护方式而言,中外刑法则主要通过对杀人罪的规定与限制和废除死刑两种"相对"的———或称"因果"的方式而完成的。从《公民权利与政治权利国际公约》的角度,就我国刑法对生命权的保护及其立法完善进行探讨,能使现行刑法较好较早地与国际人权公约接轨。     

政府管理创新若干问题的思考

本文从整体创新与局部推进、制度约束与实践先行、顶层设计与地方首创、理论突破与摸石头过河、模式借鉴与变通改进、创新动力与利益追求、革故鼎新与路径依赖七个方面探讨了中国政府管理改革和创新面临的一些主要问题,认为对这些问题的认识影响着中国政府管理改革和创新的未来走向和发展。     

A test for carrion fly full siblings: a tool for detecting postmortem relocation of a corpse

We propose a genetic test for full sibship for a pair of carrion flies that could reveal the postmortem relocation of a corpse. A carrion fly larva is sometimes left behind when a corpse is moved. The discovery of full sibling larvae of approximately the same developmental stage at two locations would strongly suggest that a corpse was moved between those two sites. Distributions of pairwise comparisons of relatedness (R) coefficients were generated using amplified fragment length polymorphism profiles for nine samples of laboratory-generated full siblings as well as for a reference sample of nonfull sibling Phormia regina (Diptera: Calliphoridae). The mean relative R coefficient, a pairwise measure of the proportion of shared alleles, was 0.479 (±0.289 SD) for full siblings, close to the theoretical expectation of 0.5. A likelihood ratio (LR) test was based on observed distributions of R. R >0.55 corresponded to an LR >1000 favoring full sibship for that pair of individuals.     

甘肃省汉族人群18个STR位点的遗传多态性

目的 调查18个短串联重复序列（Short Tandem Repeat,STR）位点在甘肃省汉族人群中的基因频率分布.方法 采用PCR扩增及毛细管电泳技术对272名个体的18个STR基因座进行分析.结果 共检出202种等位基因,基因频率分布在0.002～0.570之间.18个STR基因型分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡（P＞0.05）,杂合度在0.599～0.893之间,个人识别能力在0.771～0.984,多态信息含量在0.534～0.910,非父排除概率在0.290～0.782.结论 本研究结果可为人类群体遗传学及法医学后续研究提供详实可靠的基础数据.     

关于我国现行法律监督体制改革的探讨

我国现行的法律监督体制虽然体系完整,但实效不大,已不能完全适应社会主义市场经济发展的需要。因此,必须改变加强法制监督的思路,要在坚持共产党领导的前提之下,合理地配置国家权力,充分发挥各权力部门权相互监督、相互制约的和,以减层层设立监督机构耗费的社会成本,提高法律监督的实效,抑制权力腐败的滋生与蔓延。     

略论西方民主政治的理论基础

根据西方的民主理论,民主政治应当体现为多数人的统治。但是,如果多数的权力不受制约,多数人进行统治并不一定带来真正的民主政治,因为集体的智慧是有限的,多数的无限权威容易导致权力的滥用,多数的交易规则对少数人具有强制作用,这样常常会产生多数人忽视少数人权益的现象。因此,要使多数人的民主成为多数善政,要使民主政治具有适当的制度基础,就要对多数投票决定问题的范围加以限定,少教人应当被给予更大程度的自治,司法体系和社会力量要充分利用起来对多数的权力加以制衡。