政府责任内涵的多视角探析

在新的历史时期,一个负责任的政府正为人们所期待,这也促使人们对政府责任这一主题给予高度的关注。从政治学、法学、伦理学、经济学、公共行政学等不同的视角出发,梳理前人相关的观点,并理清其在不同学科中的应有之义,对促进我国政府责任意识的增强,推进我国责任政府的构建具有积极的理论和现实意义。     

The Responsible Subject As Citizen: Criminal Law, Democracy And The Welfare State

This paper seeks to explain two problems posed by the history of criminal law doctrine by situating them in the context of the political sociology of citizenship. First, the paper outlines the logical connection between the rise to doctrinal orthodoxy of the idea of the responsible subject and the contemporaneous emergence of universal political citizenship. Secondly, it argues that subjectivist orthodoxy in doctrine may be reconciled with the apparently antithetical forms of regulatory strict liability law within the terms of 'modern democratic citizenship' as the latter were conceptualised by T. H. Marshall. Finally, by means of a comparison with Alan Brudner's recent philosophical rationalisation of the modern criminal law, it proposes that situating the criminal law in its environment of citizenship will help us to understand better the tensions that underlie contemporary challenges to its doctrine.     

论《合同法》中的缔约过失责任制度

缔约过失责任制度由德国法学家耶林于1861年提出,其基本理论为:诚实信用原则。缔约过失责任实质上就是对损害信赖利益的赔偿。作为违约责任和侵权责任的补充,缔约责任的承担以违反先合同义务为前提,其赔偿范围以受害方信赖利益为限,以赔偿损失为主要责任形式。法律设定缔约过失责任,存在以法定责任形式弥补合同法和侵权行为法调整范围存在的前契约义务的漏洞,全面保护缔约人的合法利益,保障交易安全,维护诚实信用原则,维护市场经济秩序。     

现代宪法的理论基础:自由主义抑或共和主义?

近代以来西方国家的宪法强调自由主义,以公民个人自由、权利的保障为核心来型塑各种制度。然而在现代社会,以自由主义为基础的宪法面临着困境,其需要从共和主义理论中汲取营养;中国宪法强调共和主义,需要用自由主义的核心价值弥补其不足。现代宪法的理论基础应该是自由主义与共和主义的有机结合。     

浅议危险责任——兼论我国危险责任制度的立法完善

<民法通则>虽然以基本法的形式对危险责任做出了规定,但由于采用了具体列举的立法模式,不仅立法过于简单、封闭,而且与特别法中关于危险责任规定的冲突异常严重.立足于实践,我国未来的危险责任立法应抛弃具体列举的立法模式,坚持一般条款立法模式的传统;机动车事故责任应当回归危险责任体系,并适用元过错责任的归责原则;最后,应完善责任保险制度和社会保障制度,切实有效地保护受害人的利益.     

论影响职务过失犯罪刑事责任程度的因素

职务过失犯罪刑事责任的程度,是确定职务过失犯罪主体刑事处罚轻重不可缺少的方面。职务 过失犯罪主体的职权所内涵的注意义务要求的不同、相关心理内容所反映的主观恶性的不同、行 为违反规范的数量的多少及犯罪结果的严重程度是影响职务过失犯罪刑事责任程度的因素。     

国有企业渐进式改革的历史轨迹

从历史的和发展的角度来看待国有企业，并不存在一个永久不变的或者最终要实现的国有企业在国民经济中的“最优的”比重。国有企业在国民经济中占有特殊的地位，但绝不是普遍地适用于大多数企业的企业组织形式。我国国有企业根本性改革的长期目标是：将国有企业定位于少数特殊企业的地位，在国民经济中承担一般企业难以承担的职能，发挥其解决经济和社会生活中特殊问题的作用，而将绝大多数一般性社会生产活动交由各种类型的非国有企业去承担。     

Beautiful Day: Awakening to Responsibility

Recently published works, such Elaine Scarry's On Beauty and Being Just, have suggested the natural confederacy of the sensory appreciation of beauty and the achievement of social justice. Scarry (amongst others) has proposed that the opiated moment in which one is arrested by beauty's spell results in a ‘radical decentrification’, where under they who behold beauty are awakened to alterity and, consequentially, encouraged to realize an ethical agenda based upon just (sic) relations between people. The present article refutes the adequacy of the beauty - ethics - justice triptych and, instead, proposes that the entire variegated aesthetic quantum operates as the medium through which recognition of (in)justice reminds us of our responsibility to the other. As essentially inarticulate concepts, justice and responsibility are capable of ‘speaking’ to us through the channel of the aesthetic. The aesthetic is the plane of dialogue on which our felt appreciation of (in)justice prompts us to responsibility. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

危害与责任——论犯罪的主客观二特征

犯罪特征是反映犯罪全面属性的种概念,不能用单一特征说明犯罪本质。归纳犯罪特征应当贯彻法定性、全面性、明确性原则,并应与犯罪具体特征即犯罪构成有内在联系。犯罪特征的内容包括客观和主观两方面,客观特征是应当依法受刑罚处罚的客观危害性,主观特征是应当依法负刑事责任的主观责任性。     

培养高素质的驾驶员是驾校的神圣职责

确保道路交通安全是一项系统工程,人、车、路三大要素均对道路交通安全产生重大影响,而驾驶员的因素居于首位,是起决定性作用的因素。文章仅分析驾驶员的因素对道路交通安全的影响,以及从何处人手提高驾驶员的素质,遏制交通事故的发生。