应用微视野仪对眼底损伤者进行视敏度的评估

目的探讨眼底损伤者的微视野检测指标与视敏度的相关性,及微视野仪评估视功能的应用价值。方法应用MP-1型微视野仪,对100名眼底损伤者进行视网膜光敏感度、固视稳定性检查,获得黄斑中心2°视网膜平均光敏感度、全视野视网膜平均光敏感度、固视中心2°固视率、固视中心4°固视率等微视野检测指标数值,将其与视敏度进行Spearman相关分析及多元回归分析。结果黄斑中心2°视网膜平均光敏感度、全视野视网膜平均光敏感度、固视中心2°和4°固视率与视敏度均呈正相关,其相关系数分别为0.676、0.693、0.670、0.665（p〈0.05）。散点图显示各微视野指标与视敏度间具有直线相关趋势,由此得出多元线性回归方程为：Y=2.543＋0.043×X2＋0.017×X4（X2全视野视网膜平均光敏感度,X4固视中心4°固视率）。结论微视野检测指标与视敏度之间有良好的正相关性,具有法医学应用价值。     

Deaths Due to Child Abuse: A 6‐Year Review of Cases in The Cook County Medical Examiner's Office

Case files from the Cook County Medical Examiner's Office from 2007 to 2012 were reviewed to analyze homicides due to physical child abuse in children <3 years old. Fatal cases mostly involved younger subjects. Intracranial injuries were the leading cause of death, while death due to extracranial injuries was uncommon. Eyes were involved in most of the cases. Spinal cord was involved in about 1/3 of the cases, mostly in the thoracic area. In some cases, previous injuries were present. There were significant differences in the pattern of injuries between age groups. Subjects showing signs of impact to the head and subjects with no evidence of an impact showed no significant difference in internal injuries. The association of multiple injuries is highly suggestive of child abuse. In suspected child abuse, a postmortem examination including neuropathological, ophthalmological, and radiological information should be always evaluated, together with investigative reports and the medical history.     

Smartphone Image Acquisition During Postmortem Monocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy

The medical usefulness of smartphones continues to evolve as third‐party applications exploit and expand on the smartphones’ interface and capabilities. This technical report describes smartphone still‐image capture techniques and video‐sequence recording capabilities during postmortem monocular indirect ophthalmoscopy. Using these devices and techniques, practitioners can create photographic documentation of fundal findings, clinically and at autopsy, without the expense of a retinal camera. Smartphone image acquisition of fundal abnormalities can promote ophthalmological telemedicine—especially in regions or countries with limited resources—and facilitate prompt, accurate, and unbiased documentation of retinal hemorrhages in infants and young children.     

Persistent Retinal Iron in Abusive Head Trauma

Retinal hemosiderin deposition is a histologic indicator of sustained hemorrhage but cannot be used to precisely estimate the elapsed time since an episode of trauma. A 5‐month‐old male infant was admitted to hospital after acute deterioration. Examination revealed encephalopathy, subdural hematomas, and retinal hemorrhages consistent with abusive head trauma (AHT). At the age of 3, he was readmitted to hospital with spontaneous osteopenic fracture of the right femur. The patient deteriorated and died after unsuccessful resuscitation. Ophthalmopathological investigation showed atrophy of the retina and optic nerve and hemosiderin deposition in both eyes. Retinal hemosiderin deposition is currently generally assumed to disappear within 6–8 weeks after the occurrence of hemorrhage in AHT. This case report describes an infant with bilateral retinal hemosiderin depositions due to hemorrhages sustained from AHT occurring 32 months prior to death. Implications of this finding for the interpretation of retinal hemosiderin depositions in AHT are discussed.