Detection of microRNAs in DNA Extractions for Forensic Biological Source Identification

Molecular‐based approaches for biological source identification are of great interest in the forensic community because of a lack of sensitivity and specificity in current methods. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been considered due to their robust nature and tissue specificity; however, analysis requires a separate RNA extraction, requiring an additional step in the forensic analysis workflow. The purpose of this study was to evaluate miRNA detection in blood, semen, and saliva using DNA extraction methods commonly utilized for forensic casework. RT‐qPCR analysis revealed that the tested miRNAs were consistently detectable across most tested DNA extraction methods, but detection was significantly reduced compared to RNA extracts in some biological fluids. DNase treatment was not necessary to achieve miRNA‐specific results. A previously developed miRNA panel for forensic body fluid identification was evaluated using DNA extracts, and largely demonstrated concordance with results from samples deriving from RNA extracts of semen, blood, and saliva.     

开发数字电视机顶盒共享器的知识产权问题解析——兼谈数字电视业务的反垄断法规制

数字电视机顶盒是保护视听节目内容与信号的一种版权技术措施,但＂一机一盒＂技术措施的合法性应受反垄断法的审查。开发节约资费型共享器可适用著作权保护的＂个人使用＂例外;开发独立选台型共享器及用于酒店等经营性场所的共享器将构成版权侵权。对机顶盒内部的半导体及程序进行反向工程的行为可能会侵犯机顶盒原始创新权利人的知识产权。以机顶盒业务为例,反垄断法的功能与价值在知识产权领域应受到重视。     

大鼠骨骼肌损伤修复中FZD4时序性变化及其应用

目的以卷曲受体4(FZD4)为例,探索细胞膜上受体蛋白的表达变化能否作为损伤时间推断的指标。方法 78只大鼠随机分为对照组和损伤后4h、8h、12h、16h、20h、24h、28h、32h、36h、40h、44h和48 h组(n=6)。麻醉后,采用重力锤自由落体方式砸伤大鼠右后肢,取股四头肌处挫伤的组织。应用免疫荧光、real-time PCR和western blotting方法检测肌肉中FZD4蛋白及m RNA的表达量。结果免疫荧光结果显示FZD4表达于骨骼肌细胞膜上,胞浆和细胞核内均未见表达;Real-time PCR结果表明FZD4 m RNA在损伤后8h、12h、36h和40h显著上调(P0.05),均超过对照组的两倍;Western blotting结果示FZD4蛋白的表达在8h、36h、40h、44h和48h组明显增加(P0.05),但均未超过对照组的两倍。结论 FZD4 m RNA和蛋白在肌肉挫伤后呈时序性变化规律可作为损伤时间推断的指标,在一定程度上FZD4 m RNA比FZD4更适用于损伤时间推断。     

浅议商标反向假冒行为

本文从商标反向假冒行为的危害性出发,讨论了我国现行法律规定的有关内容,并进而分析了商标反向假冒行为的概念、性质及有关要件,以期对我国商标知识产权的保护有所裨益。     

集成电路知识产权保护评析

集成电路作为一种新兴的知识产权客体,对它的保护与传统版权法中对普通作品的保护迥异。欧美等国关于集成电路知识产权的立法对中国形成了较大影响。目前,集成电路的保护虽然已经形成了单行立法的格局,但就其保护范围的界定以及反向工程的合法性问题,仍然存在不同的观点甚至激烈的争论;故而,重新对集成电路的知识产权的保护状况进行梳理,对我国集成电路的知识产权保护具有重大的理论和实践意义。     

H5亚型禽流感病毒RT-LAMP快速检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中登录的H5亚型禽流感病毒(H5-AIV)血凝素基因序列,设计了1套特异识别HA基因序列中6个不同区段的环介导恒等温扩增(LAMP)引物,并以此套引物建立了一种基于LAMP技术的H5亚型禽流感病毒诊断方法。结果表明,该方法对H5-AIV RNA的最小检测限为10-6,灵敏性高于一步RT-PCR方法;全部反应可在1.5 h内完成;在反应体系中添加SYBR GREENⅠ染料后,可通过肉眼观察有无荧光直接判定结果。灵敏性及特异性试验证明,该方法灵敏度高、特异性好,能够作为H5亚型禽流感病毒的快速诊断方法。     

猪水泡病病毒结构蛋白基因的克隆及其蛋白二级结构和淋巴细胞表位的预测

以免疫信息学和反向疫苗学为理论根据,利用RT-PCR法获得了猪水泡病病毒(SVDV)HK/70株的基因组序列并测序,应用生物信息学相关软件和方法,对SVDV结构蛋白的二级结构的不同方面及其抗原特异性淋巴细胞表位进行了预测,综合评价了SVDV结构蛋白的抗原特异性细胞表位,并计算出一些潜在的抗原位点。结果表明,VP1蛋白含有的细胞优势抗原表位最多,但其他结构蛋白也含有抗原特异性淋巴细胞表位,有的甚至有可能成为优势抗原表位或对优势抗原表位有协同作用。     

The Home Maintenance and Improvement Behaviors of Older Adults in Boston

Prior studies have found that older homeowners spend less money maintaining and improving their homes, which may reduce their quality of life and eventually pose larger, more costly housing problems. Delayed repairs and improvements may also have adverse spillover effects on neighborhoods. We explore the home maintenance expenditures, housing conditions, and credit access of older homeowners in Boston, Massachusetts, where many aging adults have limited incomes and live in older structures but also have substantial home equity that could be used as a financial resource. We find evidence that older homeowners spend less on home maintenance, and many live in low-income areas with high numbers of constituent complaints about housing conditions and less access to cheaper forms of credit. A particular policy intervention, the Boston Senior Home Repair Program, helps by providing home repair assistance to low- and moderate-income older homeowners.     

猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒5′非翻译区序列的反向遗传操作

以猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)北美株感染性克隆pCBC2为平台进行反向遗传操作,利用突变PCR获得在病毒基因组5′非编码区(5′UTR)和ORF1起始密码子之间插入NdeⅠ的全长克隆pTLNd4,并以此为基础将5′UTR替换为欧洲株的5′UTR,获得全长克隆pTLV8。以体外转录的RNA转染MARC-145细胞。结果显示,pTLNd4产生了细胞病变(CPE),而pTLV8未产生。通过RT-PCR和Northern blot试验,分别对这2株突变病毒的基因组RNA复制和亚基因组mRNA转录水平进行了分析,同时还对pTLNd4进行了病毒学试验。证实,它们与亲本病毒无论从分子生物学水平或病毒学水平都无明显差异;pTLV8虽未产生CPE,但在病毒传代细胞中检测到了基因组RNA,说明替换不同基因型5′UTR的突变病毒虽然丧失了复制能力和感染性,但仍然能够提供病毒RNA合成所需要的顺式调控因子。     

商事仲裁司法监督制度的比较研究

商事仲裁的司法监督是世界通例，但司法监督的范围、方式各国的法律规定略有差异。我国法律对仲裁的司法监督采取内外有别、撤销与不予执行并存的立法体例。不论是涉外仲裁的撤销与不予执行司法审查理由一致，还是国内仲裁的实体与程序双重审查并重，抑或是存在撤销与不予执行并列程序，都存在着诸多弊端，需要在仲裁法律上作出相应变革。