Who Will Get the Job? Hiring Practices and Inequalities in the Chilean Labour Market

This article explores the ways in which recruitment and hiring practices can promote and sustain social inequality in a highly neoliberal country: Chile. The article analyses six steps in the selection process. It provides evidence of discriminatory practices in the job market by analysing employers' and recruiters' practices, hiring methods, and the experiences of professionals applying for a job. The research is based on 43 interviews with managers, human resources consultants, and candidates. It uses intersectional analysis to unpack dynamics of inequality in the selection processes in Chile. The findings demonstrate high levels of explicit and severe discrimination in the labour market.     

肝水解肽注射液反相高效液相色谱特征研究

目的 研究肝水解肽注射液的反相高效液相色谱（reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography, RP HPLC）特征。方法 采用RP HPLC/紫外光谱（ultraviolet spectrum, UV）法分离肝水解肽注射液的主要成分。色谱条件：0.1％三氟乙酸水溶液和0.1％三氟乙酸乙腈 0.1％三氟乙酸水溶液（80∶20）,进行梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 ml/min;检测波长214 nm。用中药指纹图谱相似度评价软件对所得图谱进行评价。结果 相同厂家不同批号产品特征图谱与均谱相似度均在0.95以上;不同厂家产品特征图谱与均谱的相似度在0.93以上。结论 所建立的RP HPLC方法具有较好的分离能力,线性、精密度良好;企业制剂批间一致性良好,不同来源动物肝脏用不同酶的水解产物几乎无差异。本实验为肝水解肽注射液的质量控制提供了有效的方法。     

论刑事没收中的举证责任倒置——基于《联合国反腐败公约》第31条的分析

在对腐败犯罪所得没收程序中,规定举证责任倒置规则是《联合国反腐败公约》第31条的明确要求。我国新《刑事诉讼法》第280条的违法所得没收程序中不应当确立举证责任倒置规则。针对贪污罪、受贿罪,立法有必要确立没收犯罪所得的举证责任倒置规则,这并不违反无罪推定原则,而是基于公平性和公共政策、举证便利性因素的合理选择。     

经济变迁对网络犯罪形成之基础性作用研究

网络犯罪作为一种新型的犯罪，是合力作用下的产物，但经济变迁于其中起到了基础性的作用。一方面，经济发展推动下的技术革命为网络犯罪提供了必要的技术；另一方面，经济发展中的不平等及其所导致的政治上不平等，极大诱发了社会矛盾的激化，而网络正以其自由的特性成为矛盾宣泄的所在。     

RACE,DRUGS, AND POLICING: UNDERSTANDING DISPARITIES IN DRUG DELIVERY ARRESTS*

This article draws on several unique data sources to assess and explain racial disparity in Seattle's drug delivery arrests. Evidence regarding the racial and ethnic composition of those who deliver any of five serious drugs in that city is compared with the racial and ethnic composition of those arrested for this offense. Our findings indicate that blacks are significantly overrepresented among Seattle's drug delivery arrestees. Several organizational practices explain racial disparity in these arrests: law enforcement's focus on crack offenders, the priority placed on outdoor drug venues, and the geographic concentration of police resources in racially heterogeneous areas. The available evidence further indicates that these practices are not determined by race‐neutral factors such as crime rates or community complaints. Our findings thus indicate that race shapes perceptions of who and what constitutes Seattle's drug problem, as well as the organizational response to that problem.     

应用反转录-聚合酶链反应检测动物组织中的口蹄疫病毒

应用反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术检测了猪和牛的扁桃体、淋巴结、脊髓、肌肉和蹄冠皮肤中的口蹄疫病毒（ＦＭＤＶ）。与接种乳鼠测毒法比较，该方法的灵敏度达０．１６ＬＤ５０～０．３２ＬＤ５０病毒量。检测人工感染后７～３５ｄ的猪组织样品７７份，２５份为阳性；接种乳鼠并盲传３代，乳鼠－间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡ）鉴定６份为阳性。检测人工感染后４～７ｄ的牛组织样品５２份，２０份为阳性；接种乳鼠－ＩＨＡ鉴定１２份为阳性。检测野外鲜肉样品４７份，１２份为阳性；任选其中８份样品接种细胞单层，盲传至第６～７代，先后有５份样品产生ＣＰＥ；其中６份样品同时接种乳鼠，盲传至第６～７代，３组乳鼠出现ＦＭＤＶ致病症状，ＩＨＡ鉴定为阳性。检测冻猪肉样品３７份，３份为阳性；冻牛肉样品９份、冻羊肉样品１０份，均为阴性     

GENDER AND ADOLESCENT RELATIONSHIP VIOLENCE: A CONTEXTUAL EXAMINATION*

A growing body of research examines the problem of adolescent dating violence. In these studies, fairly high rates of female‐to‐male violence have been documented, leading to considerable debate about the role of gender in dating and other partner violence. Drawing from a broader qualitative study of violence in the lives of African‐American youths from a distressed urban community, we weigh in on this debate by providing a contextual examination of the nature, circumstances, and meanings of adolescent dating violence. Our research shows that the meanings and consequences of girls ‘violence are strikingly different than those of boys’, and that both are grounded in gender inequalities. We conclude by discussing the significance of these findings for both feminist and general research on dating violence.     

Using network sampling in crime victimization surveys

Since crime victimizations are statistically rare events, surveys to estimate rates of victimization are difficult and expensive. In this paper, we examine the advantages of network sampling over traditional methods for conducting crime victimization surveys. Network sampling links population households in specified ways, for reporting purposes, in order to increase the probabilities of locating households with particular characteristics. We conducted a reverse record check field experiment to test whether a telephone survey using network sampling is feasible to collect crime victimization data. Three types of crimes-burglary, robbery, and assault-were tested along with two types of networks-relatives and co-workers/close friends. This paper examines the extent to which victims report their victimization experiences in a general crime and victimization interview and the extent to which a randomly selected relative or close friend will report the same victimization incident in an identical interview. A number of multiplicity counting rules are compared in terms of reporting errors and a mean square error analysis.     

降解生物检材遗传标记检测的研究进展

降解生物检材遗传标记的检测一直是法医学实践和科研的难点。虽然PCR-STR分析技术能在一定程度上检测降解生物检材的遗传标记,但是对于某些高度降解的生物检材如骨骼、牙齿等的PCR-STR分型仍旧十分困难,存在不稳定性和分型异常现象。本文就近几年来PCR-STR分型技术在降解生物检材的法医实践中出现的问题和解决方法作一综述。     

Medicalization and social justice

Most social justice critiques of medical care focus upon the allocation of extant, but scarce, resources. In contrast to that focus, this article explores the preallocative arena of factors which shape the supply and availability of medical care. We identify four such factors: (1)medicalization — the tendency to regard as biologically caused various human problems which were in earlier eras ignored or attributed to other causes; (2)social inclusion — the bringing of economically deprived and socially marginal groups into participation in the medical care system; (3)biomedical transcendence — the elevation of biomedically derived concepts of human function into a social and personal world view; and (4)health absolutism — the ideology which holds individuals accountable for their own health and which, contrary to the thrust of the other factors, deemphasizes access and social equity for professionally provided medical care. While these forces all enhance the place of health as a social value, it is by no means certain that they will lead to a society which is more medically just. The article concludes with an appeal for critical analysis of the processes which shape both the medical care system and the broad social concern with medical care.