刑事和解“反悔”行为的认定与处理——兼议刑事和解协议的审查标准

刑事和解在实施过程中存在着加害人与被害人达成协议后反悔的情况,此时如何发现当事人达成和解的真实意思表示,成为司法机关具体认定原有刑事和解协议效力及其履行行为的关键,由此延伸出司法机关审查刑事和解协议的一般标准,具体包括加害人与被害人对和解的后果是否"明知"、对事实的认知是否同一、加害人是否作有罪答辩并真诚悔过、协议的达成是否基于加害人与被害人的自愿、对被害人的经济赔偿是否体现加害人的悔罪意思、和解协议是否注意关注了被害人的精神需要等。     

新风胶囊治疗类风湿关节炎Meta分析

目的 系统评价中药复方新风胶囊（Xinfeng Capsule, XFC）治疗类风湿关节炎（rheumatoid arthritis, RA）的临床疗效,为临床应用XFC治疗RA提供指导。方法 通过系统检索中国知网、万方数据、维普网以及PubMed、EMbase、Cochrane数据库,收集XFC治疗RA的随机对照试验,对照组干预措施为来氟米特,应用风险评估工具进行研究质量评价,采用RevMan 5.3软件对纳入文献提取的关节症状和免疫炎症指标进行Meta分析。结果 共检索到567篇文献,最终纳入10篇文献。Meta分析结果显示,与对照组相比,XFC组能显著改善关节疼痛（SMD=-1.50,95% CI为-1.69～-1.30,P<0.000 01）、肿胀（SMD=-1.03,95% CI为-1.52～-0.54,P<0.000 1）、晨僵时间（MD=-0.54,95% CI为-0.72～-0.37,P<0.000 01）,降低血沉（SMD=-1.19,95% CI为-2.19～-0.19,P<0.000 01）、血清C-反应蛋白水平（SMD=-1.21,95% CI为-2.02～-0.41,P=0.003）、抗环瓜氨酸肽抗体（SMD =-0.79,95% CI为-1.36～-0.23,P=0.006）。结论 现有的证据表明XFC治疗RA具有确切疗效,能显著改善RA患者的关节症状及炎症指标,提高患者生活质量。     

Municipality size,political efficacy and political participation: a systematic review

ABSTRACT

It is an old adage that local government is a training ground for democracy. Its human scale means that political amateurs can contribute effectively and meaningfully to the politics of a state. But in a political climate seemingly driven to consolidate local government into ever larger units, can a not so local local government still elicit an efficacious and participatory citizenry? This paper explores the effect of municipality population size on two important aspects of democratic culture: political efficacy and political participation. Via a two-part systematic review, the paper examines how extant empirical literature bears on the relationship between size and both of these aspects, hypothesising that political efficacy plays a mediating role between size and participation. The findings are unequivocal: citizens of smaller municipalities feel a greater sense of political efficacy and participate to a greater degree in local politics.     

司法改革视野下检察业务考评机制改革新思考

检察业务考评对驱动检察机关职能发挥、实现检察机关价值有重要作用。在本轮司法改革前,我国检察业务考评机制呈现层级化运作方式,由上级院考评下级院,检察官个人不作为考评主体;此后,各地在层级化考评运作下,探索构建对员额检察官个人的考评机制。我国检察业务考评的发展回应了检察改革实践,但尚未充分适应中国特色检察制度的要求,尚未做到完全按照检察规律办事,急需创新制定适应司法改革的考评措施。应从层级化考评的完善、创新设置个人考评、考评的组织与程序三方面进一步改革。     

刑事审前司法审查制度构建论纲——《刑事诉讼法》再修改背景下的期待与言说

司法审查机制在我国刑事诉讼审前程序中的缺位造成我国刑事诉讼的重大结构性缺陷,基于对审前程序中侦控权力运行的制约、为被追诉者提供有效的司法救济以及与国际接轨的考虑,审前司法审查制度的构建应为我国刑事审前程序改革的方向之一;审前司法审查的效力范围应当限定为有关强制性措施的适用和审查起诉行为;司法审查之主体应为人民法院,作为司法机关的我国人民检察院并不能担当司法审查之职能;司法审查方式可采取事先司法授权和事后司法救济的结合;其具体程序可按照司法授权程序、司法救济程序和公诉审查程序分别设计;此外,为实现人权保障和犯罪追究的协调统一,司法审查相应例外规则的确立也尤为必要.     

关于企业边界的理论评述与思考

企业边界理论存在的不足主要有:交易成本经济学缺乏环境变化的动态分析;新古典理论对不少现象缺乏解释力;竞争优势理论缺少深度分析;迈克尔的分析框架不能解释中国的现实问题。鉴于企业边界问题复杂而动态,因此企业边界的理论研究有待进一步深化。     

论宪法的超验性价值

到底应该建立什么样的违宪审查制度以切实保障宪法的效力 ,这是近几年来学者们一直比较关注的问题。本文认为 ,制度建设不可能完全脱离观念的支撑 ,对宪法超验性价值的忽视有可能导致宪政制度的建设陷入无源之水的境地。在对宪法的超验性价值进行比较详细的阐发之后 ,本文进一步提出了解决制度———观念之间恶性循环的办法。     

Judicial Deference under the Human Rights Act

Judicial deference to the other branches of government has become a common judicial technique in cases arising under the Human Rights Act. The author outlines the current approach of British courts in deciding when to defer, arguing that it is flawed and unprincipled. The author goes on to argue that a principled approach to deference is necessary, and offers examples of when and how courts should defer to the other branches of government when considering constitutional claims.     

The European Court of Justice and the Annulment of the Tobacco Advertisement Directive: Friend of National Sovereignty or Foe of Public Health?

In Case C-376/98 Germany v Council the European Court of Justice annulled a Directive which banned the advertisement and sponsorship of tobacco. The judgment sanctions regulatory policy-making at the national rather than the Community level. The paper examines the legal basis of the annulment, its effect on economic efficiency and the implied role of the Court in the formulation of public policy in Europe. Within the institutional limits of the judicial power to determine policy, the Court focused on whether or not disparate national laws restrict free movement and distort competition and affirmed the primacy of the nation state to regulate economic activity.     

保安处分立法论评析

诸多保安处分理论的赞同者在保安处分的立法论问题上存在一元论、二元论和折衷论的争执。从实质上说,诸种保安处分立法论是围绕保安处分与刑罚的关系来立论和展开的。要寻求适合我国国情的保安处分立法论,必须对这些理论予以梳理和评析