合同法价值构造变革

合同法的价值有公平、自由、效率等。其中,合同自由成为近现代合同法的各种价值的载体和集中体现。垄断出现后,合同自由受到格式合同、强制缔约、消费者权益保护法、劳动法、一般条款等的限制,并且,在效率原则及经济全球化的推动下,合同法出现了统一化趋势。在现代,合同自由仍然是一项基本原则,但合同法的价值构造发生了变革。     

The Interstate Sprawl System

The Interstate Sprawl System is an article about the role of automobile transportation in the culture and civilization of the USA. After demonstrating that all previous civilizations in history have gathered around trading ports, where land values rise as the proximity to the port increases, it analyses the changes wrought by the grid system of transportation brought on by the automobile in the USA, where land values remain fairly constant and no core trading centers can be found. These changes include the decimation of the old port cities as well as the urbanization of rural lands. The article concludes with an appeal to encourage inter-city rapid rail as the obvious antidote to the problem.

贯彻落实科学发展观树立正确监狱执法理念

监狱执法理念是涉及执法和管理的根本性问题。树立正确的执法理念,是社会法治文明在监狱执法工作中的重要体现,是适应监狱体制改革、完善刑罚执行制度的必然要求,是面向监狱工作实际、解决现实问题的迫切需要。监狱机关要在执法和管理中努力做到依法、规范、公正、文明,重点解决好“三个不能”的问题,抓好“四种规范”,在执法工作中实现“五个更加”,促进三个方面的文明化建设。监狱机关要以正确执法理念为统揽,正确定位监狱的职能和监狱警察的职责,努力维护监狱安全稳定,积极探索新的监狱生产组织结构,稳妥推进监狱体制和机制改革,建设高素质执法队伍,推进监狱工作创新发展。     

Does nationalism promote democracy? Comparative analyses of Ukraine's ‘Maidan’ revolution and Poland's ‘Solidarity’ mass mobilisation

The increased number of ‘democratic revolutions’ around the globe has raised questions of how mass mobilisation contributes to democracy and of what role nationalism plays in this process. Mass mobilisation is viewed as the best option for breaking down communist regimes due to the rise of new political elites to positions of power within the state. On the other hand, the revolutionary character of mass mobilisation movements, together with the uncertainty of the link between democracy and nationalism, may lead such movements to impact negatively on democratisation. Ukraine's ‘Maidan’ revolution and Poland's ‘Solidarity’ movement allow for a comparison of two types of mass movements in terms of both causes and outcomes. This article claims that the mass protests in Ukraine, as opposed to those in Poland, did not lead to democratisation but rather to the opposite: the polarisation of both political elites and civil society. The role of nationalism, in this respect, was shaped and interpreted by political leaders.     

中国资产阶级革命二重性分析

中国资产阶级革命因其所处历史阶段的性质,使革命的性质、领导阶级、阶段形成了多重二元性。无产阶级取代资产阶级成为领导阶级是革命成功的关键和保证。历史证明,中国的革命和建设需要一个强大的先进的阶级和政党来领导。如此,中国的革命和建设才能取得胜利和成功。     

1927-1945:革命根据地婚姻自由的法律表达

从在江西建立革命根据地开始到抗日战争胜利结束,这段时期婚姻自由的法律表达展现的是红色农村地区对共产党人法制实践的接受和反应。中国共产党在根据地时期不仅进行暴力革命,建立割据政权,同时还开展一系列社会革命,其中就包括对婚姻制度的改造。革命时期对婚姻制度的变革既是对封建制度的消解,也是现实革命动员的需要。文章通过对结婚自由和离婚自由法律表达的分析,阐释革命与法律的互动和冲突及其现实选择。     

斯大林关于中国革命和社会发展的若干重要思想

斯大林在正确地认识中国革命特点的同时,反对关于中国革命问题的“左”倾思想,即反对关于中国革命发展速度上的“左”倾思想,反对关于中国建立苏维埃问题上的“左”倾思想,反对关于否定共产党员参加国民党必要性的“左”倾思想。他还就中国社会的改造、进步与发展提出了一些重要认识,如认为中国未来的政权是工农民主专政,建立这个政权有利于中国社会向社会主义社会过渡等等。     

辛亥革命时期会党与资产阶级革命派的联合

会党是秘密社会的重要组织，在辛亥革命时期，会党成为一支非常活跃的政治力量。他们与资产阶级革命派之间有联合有分裂，对革命的进程产生了深刻的影响。但由于资产阶级革命派的阶级局限性和会党自身弱点的相互渗透，在一定程度上导致了辛亥革命的失败。     

实施目标管理是政府提高管理效能的重要手段

提高行政效率,降低行政成本,是行政管理体制改革的重要目标,目标管理作为政府提高行政管理效能的一种有效方法和手段,需要进一步强化勤政意识,实施人本管理,建立健全科学民主的决策机制、执行机制、督查监督机制及考评机制,以推动政府各项工作的有效落实,适应政府公共事务管理的需要。     

Linkages of oil and politics: oil strikes and dual power in the Iranian revolution

ABSTRACT

Looking at the oil strikes during the Iranian revolution (1978–79), this article challenges dominant narratives of the relationship between oil and politics and the processes that shaped the outcome of the revolution. The main arguments of the article are developed in a critical dialogue with Timothy Mitchell’s Carbon Democracy. Firstly, the article argues that the scale of the oil strikes and their central role in the creation of organs of revolutionary power call into question the generalization about the material characteristics of oil that supposedly prevented mobilization. Secondly, the article argues that the fact that oil workers were able to organize mass strikes, but failed to create an independent organization, calls for an explanatory approach that combines material factors with the role of consciousness, ideology and organization. This leads to a rereading of the Iranian revolution that highlights the essential role of the oil strikes in the emergence of dual power in early 1979, and the contingency of their outcome.