美国各州监听立法研究

美国有联邦监听法律法规,但各州也根据自己的立法权制定了一些本州的监听法。宪法虽然为美国人权、隐私权提供了有效的保护伞,但自9.11以后,《美国爱国者法案》赋予了美国总统特权,监听扩权问题甚嚣尘上。但联邦层面上对监听问题的监督相对完善,对此的介绍也频见报端,但对各州监听立法的研究却鲜有所见。文章比较详尽地介绍了美国各州的监听立法情况,披露了各州监听立法的内容、执法程序、监督机制等等都不尽如人意,权力监督不力、滥用情况比较普遍,以资我国监听立法借鉴。     

格式条款的法价值机理与规制新思路——兼评新《消费者权益保护法》第26条

格式条款因其有助于交易的迅捷而被广泛应用于各种消费领域,但其亦日益沦为经营者侵害消费者利益的工具,并愈演愈烈。因此,此次《消费者权益保护法》着重从防范格式条款滥用的角度对其进行修缮。但是,如果深入剖析格式条款制度所蕴涵的效率与公平法价值及两者间的运行机理,则会发现此次防范和规制格式条款的修改思路依然是旧有规整思路,难以取得法律修改的预期效果。合理而正确的规整思路应当是,区分不同消费领域对公平与效率价值的强弱需求,然后在遵循不同法价值机理的基础上配置相称的规制手段。     

Shifting borders: Islamophobia as common ground for building pan-European right-wing unity

ABSTRACT

In recent years, Islamophobia has become a useful tool for right-wing parties to mobilize electors in many European nation-states. The general xenophobic campaigns of the 1980s have given way to Islamophobia as a specific expression of racism. It is not only the new incarnations of right-wing populist parties that are making use of Islamophobic populism, but also right-wing extremist parties, whose traditions hark back to fascist or Nazi parties. This development appears unsurprising, as Islamophobia has somehow become a kind of ‘accepted racism’, found not only on the margins of European societies but also at the centre. Another interesting concomitant shift is the attempt by such parties to gain wider acceptance in mainstream societies by distancing themselves from a former antisemitic profile. While the main focus on an exclusive identity politics in the frame of nation-states previously divided the far right and complicated transnational cooperation, a shared Islamophobia has the potential to be a common ground for strengthening the transnational links of right-wing parties. This shift from antisemitism to Islamophobia goes beyond European borders and enables Europe's far right to connect to Israeli parties and the far right in the United States. Hafez's article explores this thesis by analysing the European Alliance for Freedom, a pan-European alliance of far-right members of the European parliament that has brought various formerly antagonistic parties together through a common anti-Muslim programme, and is trying to become a formal European parliamentary fraction in the wake of its victory in the European elections in May 2014.     

Britain First: The ‘Frontline Resistance’ to the Islamification of Britain

The British National Party and English Defence League forged new frontiers in British political spaces in relation to anti‐Islam, anti‐Muslim ideologies. Whereas the former sought to do so in formal political arenas, the latter did so as a street‐level movement. With the subsequent waning of both, Britain First has emerged seemingly to fill the political void they left. In many ways, Britain First combines the strategies and actions of the parties that preceded it, at both the formal and street levels. This article considers what is known about Britain First, about its history, development and its ideology, and how this is manifested in terms of its political strategies and actions. This includes such activities as standing for European elections and also undertaking ‘Christian patrols’ and mosque ‘invasions’. The article considers how Britain First, while having some similarities with the BNP and EDL, is more confrontational and militaristic and is informed by apocalyptic Christianity.     

论侦查假设在视频图像侦查中的运用

在信息化背景下,视频图像侦查已经成为刑侦部门打击和预防犯罪的重要方法之一。在视频图像侦查中,侦查人员针对采集的视频图像信息运用侦查假设的方法进行研判分析,挖掘出侦查线索,化解侦查僵局,切实推进侦查工作的进程。因此,有必要以大量视频图像侦查成功案例为素材,系统地对侦查假设在视频图像侦查中运用的工作流程进行梳理和总结,从人、案情、通信工具、交通工具、现场痕迹物证和光影六个方面提出假设并验证假设。     

孙子军事思想与监管安全控制(上)

监狱要提高监管安全控制效能,可借鉴孙子兵法"利与害、阳与阴、正与奇、虚与实"对立统一的军事哲学思想,努力谋求与践行"安全控制与风险控制、公开控制与隐蔽控制、正道控制与诡道控制、管理控制与技术控制"相统一的监管安全策略。     

论劳动者的团结权与工会体制改革

由于历史和现实的原因,造成了我国工会组织的行政化、工作内容的娱乐化、工会立场的中间性、代表权利来源和责任机制的虚无化等一系列问题,导致工会的维权作用受到很大削弱。我国工会的发展道路,应是在坚持党的政治领导和社会主义方向的前提下朝着社会化的方向发展。要通过深化改革强化工会的代表性和相对独立性,通过完善法律将维护会员的合法权益作为工会的首要职能,从而加强工会的责任意识。只有这样,才能适应我国当前经济转型、体制转轨时期劳动纠纷多发、群体性事件增多,必须创新社会管理、建立稳定和谐的劳动关系的迫切需要。     

邓小平领导开创中国特色社会主义道路的认识路线和思想方法——兼论中国道路的精髓和真谛

邓小平的历史性贡献是多方面的,其中最伟大的贡献,莫过于领导党和人民在改革开放中创造性地开拓了中国特色社会主义道路。邓小平领导开创中国特色社会主义道路的认识路线和思想方法突出体现在:把实践作为逻辑起点,在坚持马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合中开创中国特色社会主义道路;把规律作为根本依据,在探索社会主义初级阶段改革与发展基本规律中开创中国特色社会主义道路;把人民作为主体力量,在实现人民群众利益需求和创造精神有机统一中开创中国特色社会主义道路。中国特色社会主义道路来之不易,必须深刻把握这条道路的精髓和真谛,坚定不移沿着这条道路开拓前进。     

物业费纠纷中服务不到位抗辩的司法认定

当前物业费纠纷的司法实践中,鲜有被告业主获判减付物业费继而胜诉的判例。然而,在这种“一边倒”的现象背后,物业企业确实存在着不同程度的服务不到位问题。通过研究现行的物业相关法律依据,结合发达地区的司法实践先例,可以发现被告业主完全可以通过行使同时履行抗辩权达到减付物业费的目的,而法院应当本着对业主负责同时督促物业企业改善服务的宗旨,针对物业企业部分义务未履行或履行存在瑕疵,导致相应服务目的无法实现的情形,作出相适应的减付物业费的判决。     

从陕北煤矿生产现实状况看矿业权流转改革

矿业权流转制度的提出,在矿产资源市场化道路上迈出了一大步,但是我国矿产资源法对矿业权流转的相关规定依然存在一定局限性。适应我国市场经济体制改革的不断深化,充分发挥市场在资源配置方面的决定性作用,有必要进一步完善矿业权流转制度。矿业权流转市场体系的构建包括一级出让市场和二级转让市场。完善矿业权流转制度需要重视矿业权流转配套法规与技术性标准建设。