犯罪嫌疑人临近供认心理初探

探索犯罪嫌疑人在被审讯中临近供认阶段的心理形成、变化及各种反应 ,把握犯罪嫌疑人临近供认时心理的行为特点、诊断途径和诊断方法 ,这对攻破犯罪嫌疑人的心理防线 ,抓住审讯的核心 ,提高讯问质量至关重要。     

建设宜居天水思路探析

天水应结合地方实际,以生态环境建设为核心,以新理念为指导,建设宜居天水。     

电子资料真实性审查判断规则之构建

在提出一种电子资料学理分类方法——证明机制分类法(将电子资料分为电子文书、音像资料、系统记录三个大类)的基础上,结合相关电子技术的发展现状与未米的完善措施,分别深入探析了三类电子资料真实性审查判断的基本思路和方法,并构建了相应的具有可操作性的规则。     

侵害债权制度法律性质考察

债的相对性原则对保护个人自由的作用卓有成效。但随着人类社会化程度提高,相互依赖性增强,限制个人自由滥用的客观要求日益迫切。为顺应上述社会需要,应突破债的相对性原则,建立侵害债权制度。基于传统债法理论的一些观点没有且无法真正反映该制度的本质,债权物权化理论才是解释该制度唯一可行的观点。     

数据迁移权及其本土化路径研究--以数据竞争为视角

《欧盟一般数据保护条例》(GDPR)率先在个人数据领域赋予数据主体数据迁移权,成为全球数据保护的立法标杆。数据迁移权的诞生为企业参与数据竞争正向赋能,企业竞争中也存在诸多数据迁移障碍。本文结合欧盟数据迁移权的相关规定,以数据、数据迁移权和数据竞争三要素之间的互动关系为进路,通过剖析数据迁移对企业竞争和创新发展的双向反馈,认为我国不应急于实施数据迁移权,而是将数据迁移权定性为一种柔性权利,按照"三阶段五步骤"的路径规划,逐步建立符合我国国情的数据迁移制度。     

《著作权法》修改:关键条款的解读与分析(下)

修改后的《著作权法》将视听作品分为"电影作品、电视剧作品及其他视听作品",并分别规定了不同的著作权归属规则,但两类视听作品分类标准不明,且对其他视听作品采用约定优先的著作权归属规则,不利于此类视听作品的许可与传播。当一名合作作者无正当理由反对对合作作品的特定利用时,其他合作作者不能发放专有许可,这可能给合作创作的学术论文和专著的出版带来负面影响。修改后的著作权法将电台、电视台和报刊通讯社员工的职务作品定为特殊职务作品,可能产生其员工离职后无法获得出版其职务作品文集所须授权的问题。新增的有关职务表演的规定合理地解决了长期以来将"演出单位"作为"表演者"的问题。对传播录音制品获酬权的规定并不是法定许可,因为《著作权法》并没有为录音制作者规定除信息网络传播权之外的传播权专有权利。修改后的《著作权法》的一大亮点是将广播组织的转播权以技术中立的方式拓展至网络环境。有关用作者的署名推定权利存在的规定,被诉侵权人应证明其使用涉案作品已获许可的规定,以及法院有权没收和销毁侵权复制品的规定,均直接来源于《中美经济贸易协定》,其中有些仅具有形式意义。修改后的《著作权法》为摄影作品享受新的保护期(作者有生之年加50年)所设定的条件与《世界知识产权组织版权条约》不一致,可能需要再次修改。     

Transportation Access,Rental Vouchers,and Neighborhood Satisfaction: Evidence From the Moving to Opportunity Experiment

The Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program is designed in part to expand the neighborhood choices of assisted households, thereby enabling assisted households to find a living environment that simultaneously meets their housing and neighborhood preferences. While several studies have examined the impact of rental subsidies on neighborhood satisfaction, few have examined whether access to adequate transportation enables HCV recipients to locate housing in more desirable locations. This article relies on data from the Moving to Opportunity experiment to examine the impact of transportation access, rental housing vouchers, and geographic constraints on neighborhood satisfaction. We find that access to both vehicles and public transit positively influences neighborhood satisfaction, and the influence of vehicle access varies with transit proximity. These findings point to the importance of transportation in helping low-income assisted renter households locate housing in more desirable neighborhoods.     

Disability,right to culture and copyright: which regulatory option?

Access to knowledge and participation in cultural life for persons with disabilities has always constituted a tough challenge. Recent studies show that only 5% of published works are available in accessible format, and the number plummets to 1% in developing countries. Coupled with the high costs of production and distribution, and the full reliance on public funds and intervention of public or non-profit organizations, copyright has traditionally represented an additional obstacle on the path for a broader availability of accessible works. Recently, the situation has worsened with the tilting in the balance between rights and exceptions caused by the legislative response to digital threats, when the unprecedented opportunities offered by new technologies to foster accessibility have been largely trumped by copyright law. Still, the last decades have witnessed the beginning of a paradigm shift, originating from the human rights arena, and moving towards a new definition of the interplay between authors’ rights and the right to take part in cultural life, both at a general level and with particular regards to persons with disabilities. This article offers a diachronic overview of the path that, from the rediscovery of Article 15 of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights through its General Comments to Article 30 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, has led to the adoption of the Marrakesh Treaty. It then analyses, with a focus on the European Union and its Member States, the national and regional responses to the new human rights obligations, looking at the relations between legislative exceptions and model or collective license agreements. The assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the two main regulatory options lays the groundwork for proposals of further areas of intervention, necessary to fully comply with the international human rights obligations and to achieve the fullest access to and participation in culture possible for persons with disabilities, by using the tools offered by international and national copyright law.     

论WTO中的发展权

发展权是作为个体的人和作为人的集体的国家和民族自由地参与和增进经济、社会、文化和政治的全面发展并享受发展利益的一种资格或权能,是全体人类对全面发展的本质要求。发展权已超越国际人权法的特定范围,成为指导包括WTO在内的国际关系各领域的一般国际法原则。WTO规则的实体规范和程序规范均包含了有利于发展中国家和人民发展权实现的因素,但其在整体上有利于发达国家而不是发展中国家。将发展权这种综合性的人权纳入WTO,可以在整体上矫正GATT/WTO运行以来所奉行的传统发展理论对人权的漠视和侵害,并按照人权的要求对WTO进行民主化改革,强化WTO以人为本的精神,以人权的规尺推进全球公平正义的实现,而不是将其作为已有特殊和差别待遇的辅助措施。     

农村集体土地制度的宪法解释

八二宪法的集体土地制度包括所有权层面和使用权层面。无论是五四宪法还是八二宪法,从农民土地所有权到集体土地所有权的变化无非是国家管理农村经济手段的变化。但八二宪法的土地承包经营权之确立既带有国家管理手段变化的色彩,也带有基本权利的色彩。土地承包经营权的出现与自留地的保留一样,也是农民用生存权进行抗争的结果。因为其生存权属性,土地承包经营权具有对抗国家性,当然这种对抗国家性是伴随着现代法治观念的传播逐渐增强的。同时,由于其内在缺陷,生存权无法完全有效对抗国家权力,农村土地承包经营权需要从生存权本质转向自由权本质。