民法典视野下担保合同效力的制度变迁

从担保行为历史、担保合同效力立法、司法实践的角度考查,担保制度经历了从人格向契约、再由契约向政策的变迁,各阶段的效力规定均体现了特定的社会背景并具有时代适应性.民法典对保证及物权担保合同中主从合同的效力关系进行了统一规定,其法定主义立场重申了对担保秩序稳定性的价值追求,反映了立法者在面对日新月异的担保现实时追求公平的整...     

我国《反不正当竞争法》中的消费者权益保护问题探讨

维护自由公平的竞争秩序与保护消费者权益实质是一个问题的两个方面。我国《反不正当竞争法》将消费者权益保护作为立法目标之一,并将消费者合法权益是否受损作为不正当竞争行为的认定标准之一,但由于消费者概念不明确,又缺乏直接的救济手段,该法的立法与实践出现了落差。不正当竞争行为认定中的消费者标准不宜套用《消费者权益保护法》中的消费者概念,同时在司法救济上,应赋予消费者以消费者组织的名义进行团体诉讼的有限诉权。只有这样才更能体现反不正当竞争法的立法宗旨。     

东北地区大型国有企业集团国有股份拆分托管经营模式初探

在东北老工业基地改造过程中,大型国有企业集团公司在经历了长期的制度改革后又开始面临新的问题。鉴于大型国有企业集团公司的特殊性质,股份制改造和现代企业制度的建立无法从根本上改变国有资产所有者缺位、企业内部控制制度失效和国有资产流失的客观情况。利用资产管理公司对大型国有集团公司的国有股份进行拆分托管经营是东北老工业基地改造的新途径。     

刑事政策对刑事司法裁判权的弱化与分离

刑事政策的概念可以界定为：国家社会以人道主义为宗旨对已然犯罪人战略的、宏观的和战术的、微观的被动处置措施。刑事政策在客观上不以人的意志为转移地对刑事司法裁判权进行了弱化与分离,这是现代社会民主与法治框架内的国家权力的正常分流。     

法人名称权法律性质研究——基于私权二分法的角度

依权利客体与人格之关系不同,私权分为人身权与财产权。当人格权客体由人身“降格”为身外之“物”时,其上成立财产权,得为让与之标的。因此于法人名称之上可以成立二种不同权利,当名称为人身之一部时,其上成立法人名称权;当名称为身外之“物”时,其上成立无体财产权。故“混合权利说”应予抛弃,关于法人名称权定性的其他学说亦有失偏颇。     

传统和合文化背景下的表达权

对中国传统和合文化的开新与挖掘,吸收其积极思想,对现代公民行使表达权具有重要的指导意义。传统和合文化包括“以和为贵”、“和而不同”以及“中庸之道”等重要内容。和合文化作为我国公民行使表达权的特有文化背景,不仅有利于实现对多元化利益表达的包容。同时,还有利于对个性化利益表达的支持,以及对冲动性利益表达的抑制。     

《物权法》事件的宪法解析——以宪法变迁理论为视角

物权法草案对不同主体的物权平等保护是不是违宪是一个争议不断的问题,虽然最终通过的物权法肯认了物权法草案的精神,但是从宪法学理上解释是否违宪至关重要。直面“物权法问题”,我们会发现其与多年前的“良性违宪之争”面临的是同一宪法困惑,而宪法变迁理论能为我们讨论这个问题提供新的视角。     

Reciprocal relationships between symptoms of depression and parental support during the transition from adolescence to young adulthood

This study applies latent growth curve analysis to data from three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (n = 10,828) and finds that symptoms of depression and social support interact with one another in a dynamic fashion across the transition from adolescence (mean age at Wave 1 = 15.28 years) to young adulthood (mean age at Wave 3 = 21.65 years). Parental support during adolescence is inversely associated with initial symptoms of depression for girls and boys, although adolescent girls with low levels of parental support begin the study period with significantly higher levels of depressive symptomatology than their male counterparts. In addition, adolescents who begin the study period with higher levels of depressive symptomatology report less parental support during young adulthood. Finally, regardless of their initial level of depressive symptoms, girls and boys who experience increased symptoms of depression over time also report lower levels of parental support at the end of the study period.

Political accountability,fiscal conditions and local government performance—cross‐sectional evidence from Indonesia

Why are some local governments more successful than others in managing resources and delivering services? And even more vitally, how can malfunctioning governments be reformed so that they perform their responsibilities more effectively? This article contributes to our understanding of theses overarching questions by exploring the interactions between political institutions and public sector performance in the context of decentralisation and local governance. It shows–both theoretically and empirically–that performance outcomes are determined by the extent to which people can hold their governments accountable through political institutions. The basic hypothesis underlying this research is that political accountability, either by encouraging sanctions upon non‐compliant public agents or simply by reducing the informational gap regarding government activities, will create forceful incentives for elected officials and civil servants to reduce opportunistic behaviour and improve performance. Using a cross‐sectional regression the hypothesis is empirically tested against evidence from newly empowered local governments in Indonesia. The empirical findings broadly support our hypotheses. Improved public services on the ground, both in terms of quantity and quality, require informed and well functioning decision‐making processes that allocate resources to priority areas that meet the demand of the broader community. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

医疗事故罪认定之我见

医疗事故罪的认定,需要从犯罪的主体、主观方面、客观方面综合评定,并正确区分责任事故和技术事故。医疗事故鉴定结论在医疗事故罪的认定中有着重要的作用,但是医疗事故鉴定的程序、规则、组成人员等方面亟待改革。