Adivasiness as Caste Expression and Land Rights Claim-Making in Central-Eastern India

ABSTRACT

The adivasi population represents a special case in India’s new land wars. Strong individual and community rights to agricultural and forest lands have been enacted for this group based on notions of adivasi identities as primeval, but without linking these to economic and political influence. This article interrogates the adivasi land question seen through a caste lens. It does so via case studies in two states to understand the ways in which adivasi identity can be mobilised for its instrumental value and used to demand land rights. In Andhra Pradesh, the Supreme Court’s Samatha Judgement has prevented virtually all private mining activities. In Jharkhand, however, similar legislation is seen to be trumped by the national Coal Bearing Areas Act, as well as by former and current land acquisition acts that allow industrial land claims to take precedence over identity-based ones. Available evidence indicates the challenges involved in bringing support for land rights that are premised on a supposedly unchanging adivasi identity when these rights go against dominant interests. This circumstance serves to highlight the possibilities present in caste analysis to understand the plight of adivasis, despite their usually distinct treatment in scholarly analyses.     

国际知识产权保护和我国面临的挑战

在全球化中知识产权保护不断强化、中央提出建设创新型国家的大背景下,我国的知识产权保护面临着挑战和机遇。基于对世界上主要国家、地区知识产权制度与相关国际条约及其对我国的影响之考察,对各国及国际的知识产权保护中值得借鉴之处的分析,我们应当做的是:一方面利用知识产权制度业已形成的高端保护推动国民在高新技术与文化产品领域搞创造与创作这个“流”,另一方面积极促成新的知识产权制度来保护我们目前可能处优势的传统知识及生物多样化这个“源”。这样,才更有利于加快我国向“知识经济”与和谐社会发展的进程。     

新闻舆论监督机制的构建和完善

完善新闻舆论监督机制,充分发挥新闻媒体对社会,特别是对公共权力的监督作用,是衡 量国家政治文明和社会进步的重要标志。我国需要进一步完善新闻舆论监督机制,这对促进"依 法治国,建设社会主义法治国家"目标的实现具有十分重要的现实意义。     

When Public Protection Becomes Punishment? The UK Use of Civil Measures to Contain the Sex Offender

In keeping with many countries the UK has moved the problem of sexual offending up the political agenda. On the criminal justice side sentences have been increased and supervision periods extended. On the civil side a raft of new measures have been put in place to regulate the behaviour of sex offenders in the interest of community safety and child protection; this paper examines these measures and, in particular takes the sex offender ‘register’ as a case study to show how political imperatives have been brought to bear with little reference to the research or professional views of practitioners in this area. It is contended that under these political pressures, what starts life as a preventive, regulatory measure can easily become a more punitive measure in its own right; as such it may be liable to challenge by those subject to it for failing to fulfil its primary purpose and for straying across a line between the civil and criminal aspects of intervention.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Commentary</Emphasis>: A Critical Review of Published Competency-to-Confess Measures

The development of standardized assessments for competency-to-confess evaluations has remained largely neglected for the last several decades. Groundbreaking research was conducted on Miranda waivers during the late 1970s, but researchers have failed to sustain programmatic research. This critical review focuses on four published Miranda measures (Comprehension of Miranda Rights, Comprehension of Miranda Rights-Recognition, Comprehension of Miranda Vocabulary, and Function of Rights in Interrogation). When evaluated by contemporary standards, the validation of these measures is very limited. Major improvements are needed for interrater reliability, test–retest reliability, content validity, construct validity, and criterion-related validity.     

劳动者参与治理:国有企业制度创新的基本路径

我国国有企业治理制度表现出来的劳动者权益缺损,根源于国有企业产权界定模糊,即以资本产 权逻辑排斥劳动力产权。应从“劳动努力”出发,通过劳动者参与治理来创新国有企业治理制度。     

论立案审查程序中的人权保障

刑事案件立案审查阶段公民人权的保障,无论是立法、司法的实践,还是理论研究本身,都没有予以足够的重视。公民在立案审查程序中的人身权利缺乏有效保障的情况比较严重。其深层的原因依然是打击犯罪与保障人权之间的利益冲突。缺乏严格的法律约束的法外审查,一方面实现着诉讼程序难以完成的揭露和证实犯罪的任务,另一方面又极易违背刑事诉讼法保障人权的宗旨,抵消刑事诉讼程序本身所企求实现的部分价值。为此,应当将健全刑事诉讼法制,维护公民诉讼中合法权益的努力延伸到立案前司法机关对案件的审查过程。     

水工程与水权

水工程涉及多种民事权利类型 ,水权只是其中一类。水工程的所有权或者用益权自身不包含、不产生水权 ,水工程用益权与水权各为独立的权利 ,所谓水利工程供水水权概念易生误会 ,应弃之不用。水工程所有权原则上归投资者享有 ,于是有必要承认地方所有权、部门所有权、法人所有权。南水北调涉及水资源所有权、水权、水工程所有权、水工程用益权 ,不可一律归结为水权。     

改革发展中的劳动就业与工会的维权工作

就业是民生之本。改革以来,中国在劳动就业方面取得了突出的成就,初步形成了市场导向的就业机制。受人口增长的历史影响,中国当前和今后长时期将面临严峻的就业挑战。当前中国就业环境的变化特征是:劳动力供求矛盾突出,"强资本弱劳工"格局日趋明显;就业结构性矛盾严重,弱势劳工群体问题凸显;劳动力流动性增强,劳动关系的安全性下降;城镇失业率迅猛上升,社会保障亟待完善。劳动就业方面的这些变化特征要求今后工会工作应以中华全国总工会提出的"积极促进就业,稳定就业岗位,减少失业"为中心,在新的起点上,以新的思路、新的标准、新的要求实现新的突破,更好地维护职工的劳动权益。     

依托工会组织优势夺取抗击"非典"斗争的全面胜利

在抗击"非典"的艰巨斗争中,工会组织必须发挥自身优势,加强对职工的思想政治工作,维护职工的合法权益,力争取得抗"非典"斗争的胜利和经济社会全面稳定的发展.