How Online Platform Work on Perceived Risk of Online Financial Products

Prior literatures about online financial products have neglected the platform element and the research has been done from the perspective of the consumers. Since both consumers and lending platforms are important elements in research of perceived risk, this paper attempts to connect consumers and the Internet platforms with P2P lending platform as the subject under the framework of perceived risk theory and tests the effect of P2P platform on perceived risk and the moderating effect of consumers on the relationship between them. Results different from the study of the traditionally perceived risk show that credibility has significant positive effect on privacy risk and functional risk. Convenience affects the perceived risk and financial risk positively. Practicability affects the perceived risk, psychological risk and social risk positively. Age has significantly negative moderating effect on the relationship of the Internet and the perceived risk among the female samples. Finally, marketing strategies are proposed for the P2P lending platform based on the results above.     

技术专家在风险社会中的角色及其限度

在以追求安全为崇高目标的现代性运动中却遭遇了风险的巨大挑战,人类已进入风险社会。风险既具有实在性又具有建构型。在风险建构中,掌握着专业知识的专家扮演着重要角色。进行风险界定,为风险决策提供合法性基础是技术专家在风险社会的重要角色定位,但其角色及其功能实现具有其限度,表现在:技术专家进行的风险界定可能产生更大风险;技术专家风险界定所依赖的量化和实证方法隐含内在缺陷;风险管理是包含技术要素和非技术要素在内的复杂过程,技术专家对非技术问题的解决无能为力。要加强人类社会应对风险的能力,应当进一步提高风险意识,打破专家对风险界定的垄断,实现风险决策结构的开放,使利益相关者可以真正参与到风险决策中来。     

Prediction of violent and sexual offences: A replication study of the VRAG in Switzerland

Abstract

The Violence Risk Appraisal Guide (VRAG) is a widely used actuarial risk assessment instrument and has been validated in different countries. However, there is no investigation supporting the predictive accuracy of the VRAG in the German language area. The VRAG scores of 79 violent and sexual offenders in Switzerland were assessed based on data from their psychiatric expert opinions. The VRAG scores were compared to subsequent recidivism as shown in the official criminal records. Consistent with past research in the English language area, the VRAG yielded a satisfying predictive accuracy (ROC area = .73), demonstrating its usefulness for risk assessment of violent delinquency in the Swiss cultural and German language area.     

经典金融骗术之风险防范

金融服务很重要,金融服务须创新。金融服务创新,特别是金融法治服务创新,关键在于帮助“金融人”防范金融欺诈风险,而防范金融欺诈风险的关键又在于揭露经典金融骗术。经典金融骗术一般有“十二头”：金融来头诈骗、金融空头诈骗、金融改头诈骗、金融盼头诈骗、金融彩头诈骗、金融甜头诈骗、金融噱头诈骗、金融指头诈骗、金融撞头诈骗、金融搭头诈骗、金融磕头诈骗、金融床头诈骗等。经典金融诈骗之风险防范,可以围绕“六不”进行：不贪;不信;不傻;不独;不急;不弃。     

环境行政许可的八个立法原则

在现代社会,许可证制度是防范环境风险最主要的法律制度。目前,学界对行政许可的一般立法原则(法律保留原则、便民效率原则、信赖保护原则、公开公平原则等)探讨甚多,而对环境行政许可具有自身特色的立法原则探讨较少。环境行政许可具有风险品性、科技背景、利益权衡、代际平衡、国际关联等五个特征,因此,环境行政许可的立法,除了须遵循行政许可的一般立法原则外,还须遵循预防、谨慎行事、合理开发利用、污染者负担、科技促进、公众参与、协同合作、国家环境资源主权与不损害国外环境等八个立法原则。这八个原则对具体制度的建构均有明确的要求,并在特定情况下使许可举证责任发生转移。     

侵权法基本问题的经济学反思：比较的视角

损害具有相互性,损害并一定意味着必然有救济。对于＂受害者＂的救济应遵循财富最大化原则。侵权因果关系的认定虽然复杂,但是,不能因此而放弃对于因果关系分析,恰当的做法是由立法机关和司法机关对于因果关系类型化指引法官裁判。在风险增加的社会,传统归责原则凸显其局限性,社会财富最大化原则要求风险分担的社会化。     

金融风险与金融犯罪被害

本文将金融风险和被害人因素结合起来,借鉴被害人理论,社会学的风险社会理论,经济学的金融风险理论,结合收集到的关于金融犯罪被害的实事材料,通过分析金融风险转化为金融犯罪被害的三种模式对导致金融犯罪被害的风险因素进行分析,探讨金融犯罪被害风险问题。具体分析金融风险与金融犯罪被害的关系,金融风险是在何种机制下转化成金融犯罪被害事实,这个转化过程是怎样发展演化的,找出由金融风险转化为金融犯罪被害的关键。在特定被害情境下,金融风险通过风险载体与加害人发生联系,并被加害人加以利用,进而使金融风险发展成金融犯罪的被害要因,由潜在的被害可能性向现实的被害结果转化。探索隐含于金融活动中的各种风险与金融犯罪被害之间的关系,为正确认识金融风险,化解金融风险,也可为防范金融犯罪被害提供决策依据和指导建议。因此,探索金融领域的风险与金融犯罪被害之间的作用机制,消除金融风险的负面影响,进而减少金融犯罪被害问题是十分有意义的。     

Applying classification methodology to high-consequence firesetting

ABSTRACT

Although classification research has improved our understanding about different types of firesetters, very little is known about those responsible for the most injurious or destructive fires. This study explored variables associated with high-consequence firesetting in an Australian sample (n?=?114). Data across 41 variables were subject to multidimensional scaling (MDS) and principle component analysis. Five types of high-consequence firesetting were identified: (1) Intimate Partner Violence, (2) Hopeless Endangerment, (3) Instrumental Gain, (4) Vandalism, and (5) Fire Interest. Firesetting in the first two types involved individuals with increased rates of past violence, fewer instances of previous firesetting, increased psychiatric morbidity and fires directed at people (person-centred targets). In comparison, individuals represented in the latter two types were younger, focused on object-related targets and had engaged in repeated firesetting. Implications for investigating deliberate firesetting and assessing and managing the risk of deliberate firesetting were discussed.     

Virtual reality: a use case for criminal justice practice

ABSTRACT

In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has convincingly demonstrated its potential for assessment, training, rehabilitation and treatment purposes in a variety of domains, including (mental) healthcare and education. This paper explores the possibilities for VR application within criminal justice practice. Criminological literature and literature of related disciplines on VR applications were reviewed with a special focus on risk assessment, correctional rehabilitation, and reintegration. We also devoted attention to the VR-based treatment of anxiety-related disorders among victims of crime. Literature shows that VR can provide safe learning environments that would otherwise involve risk, generate ethical and ecologically valid virtual alternatives for which real-life situations would be unethical to use, and develop environments that are impossible to create in the real life. These unique characteristics make VR a promising tool to expand the current toolbox of risk assessment instruments, and correctional rehabilitation and reintegration programs in important ways. Before implementing VR in criminal justice practice, an elementary understanding of both the advantages and disadvantages of VR technology is desirable but given a longstanding and effective VR tradition in other domains, the future of VR in criminal justice practice is bright.     

The predictive validity of youth violence risk assessment tools: a systematic review

ABSTRACT

This paper reports the findings of a systematic search of published literature which reports the predictive validity of violence risk assessment tools specifically designed for use with youth. A total of 38 studies, involving 9,307 participants, reported data for six different tools; the most common of which were the SAVRY and the YLS/CMI. Each of the tools demonstrated at least moderate levels of predictive validity, with the predictive validity of several newer assessment tools yet to be established. The results provide an up-to-date overview of the state of knowledge in an area in which practitioners make choices about which tools to use on an almost daily basis. It is important that practitioners are aware of the strength of evidence that is available to support the choice of violence risk assessment tools and the interpretation of results.