刑事自由裁量权基本问题

刑事自由裁量权是指在刑事法适用过程中,涉及刑事法适用的官方人员在所适用的刑事法规则内容允许的范围内,有权在可以采取的多种行为中作出选择。刑事自由裁量权具有绝对性,同时也具有相对性。绝对性是指裁量行为是任意的,不受限制。相对性是指刑事自由裁量权仅仅是一种弱式自由裁量权。行使刑事自由裁量权的主体涉及公安人员、检察官和法官。公安人员和检察官行使的自由裁量权主要是依据刑事诉讼法的程序性权力。法官行使的自由裁量权除程序性权力之外,主要是依据刑法的实体性权力。     

论新世纪新阶段治安行政执法的改革

新世纪新阶段,我国的治安行政执法面临着一些新的情况和新的问题,我们应当改变治安民警的传统观念,转变治安民警执法角色,改革治安行政许可,完善治安法制建设,规划治安行政执法的运行机制.     

法律推理视角中的法官自由裁量

法官自由裁量客观存在于法律推理过程中;审判三段论的大前提和小前提分别蕴涵着法官对适用法律和案件事实的自由裁量;在实质法律推理中法官通过价值判断进行自由裁量.     

司法审查中的滥用职权标准——以最高人民法院公报案例为观察对象

考察最高人民法院公报上有关行政机关滥用职权的司法案例,可以发现其存在两种裁判逻辑。分离型裁判逻辑立基于形式违法性审查,根据"职权"或"滥用"单一要素进行判断,使得任何违法行使职权的行政行为都可能构成滥用职权。结合型裁判逻辑立基于实质违法性审查,认为构成滥用职权必须具备"职权"与"滥用"双重要素,滥用职权的实质是偏离法律目的行使裁量权。分离型裁判中的滥用职权与日常用语更为接近,结合型裁判中的滥用职权更符合行政诉讼法的立法精神。"滥用"的主观过错难以认定,影响了滥用职权标准的司法适用性。应以功能主义立场取代规则中心主义,借助均衡性的法律原则与功能性的自我规制技术,化解"滥用"之主观动机认定难的问题。     

论量刑规范化的实现路径——以刑罚差异性为切入点

量刑是法官在遵循犯罪事实和刑法规范的基础上,运用自身经验和司法逻辑进行理性判断的过程,科学的量刑结果不可能完全整齐划一。电脑或数学量刑均无法代替法官自身经验和智慧。因此量刑规范化的实现,有赖于在立法完善的前提下,发挥和提高法官自身的司法智慧。     

党领导立法的规范分析与完善路径

在规范分析层面,党领导立法的语境是在党的机构和全国人大及其常委会产生之后的事情。我国现行《宪法》的制定开启了党领导立法的话语和实践探索。经由对党的规范性文件的分析,党领导立法的特点和规律得以突显。这些特点包括重申党领导立法必须坚持的原则不变;党领导立法的结构体系和格局更加具体;党领导立法的工作思路的变化为完善党的领导勾勒了基本路径。党要引领民主立法、科学立法和依法立法的方向;同时支持人大在立法中发挥主导作用。     

Regulating Complex Contracting: A Socio‐legal Study of Decision‐Making Under EU and UK law

The article evaluates interview data on decision‐making under public procurement law using Halliday's analytical model on compliance with administrative law. In this study, unlike other studies on administrative compliance, the decisions faced by public bodies are not routine; they relate to the award of complex, high‐value contracts. Two contrasting decisions in the procurement process are discussed: the decision over the choice of procedure at the outset of the process, and the decision over the extent to which the public body should negotiate with the winning bidder towards the end of the process. The article considers the rationales behind decisions, and finds that, although public bodies are generally predisposed to comply, legal uncertainty means the relevance of commercial pressures and challenge risk impact heavily on approaches to compliance, even shaping understanding of what compliant behaviour actually is.     

民事诉讼处分原则重述

处分原则是民事诉讼中的一项基本原则。但长期以来 ,学界对处分原则一直存在着误识。这些误识源于原苏联的民事诉讼国家干预理论和传统的审判理念。对处分原则的误识导致了我们在民事诉讼中对当事人处分权行使限制的扩大化。从民事诉讼的特性和民事纠纷的性质来看 ,这些限制都是不妥当的。本文认为 ,应当重新认识处分原则 ,真正理解和贯彻处分原则。只有这样才能使我国民事诉讼体制的建构和运行符合民事诉讼的规律。     

论刑事诉讼中的"强制起诉"

根据控审分离原则,对公诉案件是否提起公诉属于检察机关自由裁量的范畴,法院的主要职责是审判.但是,为了制约检察机关不起诉裁量权,保障被害人人权,德国、日本、韩国及我国台湾地区刑事诉讼法又规定了强制起诉制度,对于检察机关已经作出不起诉决定的案件,赋予被害人申请法院强制起诉的权利.对该制度进行比较研究,分析其合理性及限度,对于改革我国不起诉制约机制,加强被害人人权保障具有重要意义.     

Towards identifying and ranking selected types of violence against women in North India

ABSTRACT

The paper is aimed at identifying and ranking different types of violence against women (VAW) in states of Delhi and Haryana in Northern India. Examples of gender-specific violence were selected through an extensive review of the literature. The types of VAW reviewed include the lower economic value of daughters at birth (females being considered a liability rather than an asset), rampant female feticides aided by proliferation of often illegal prenatal diagnoses, maternal morbidity, and mortality rates, physical and emotional abuse and neglect of female children, “honour” killing of women, exclusion and deprivation of women from medical treatment and nutrition, their subjection to assaults and rape (including marital rape), insufficient compliance to women’s legal rights of inheritance, arranging early marriages of girls, dowry deaths, female sexual harassment, and intimidation in community and workplace, female trafficking and prostitution, and so forth.

The conceptual frame of reference used for the study was provided by the culturally sanctioned legitimation of the patriarchal system of Indian family as well as by people’s perceptions and attitudes. Data were collected through the survey method in two phases. A preliminary survey was conducted during the first phase for developing the questionnaire items to be used for data collection in the phase two of the study. The findings of the study are presented and reveal participants’ rankings of selected types of VAW by degree of relative importance. Data, based on secondary sources as well as a non-random sample of respondents, were analysed to assess the various areas which demand immediate redress. We also interpret data based on selected criteria and suggest few optimistic future trends in regard to addressing and preventing VAW.