新农村建设中的乡村关系协调

乡村关系冲突是我国新农村建设中的一个突出问题。乡村关系冲突从根本上主要是由乡镇政府在我国权力体制中的特殊地位、村委会在利益角色上的双重性和乡镇政府在利益上的自利性、乡村关系在法律规范上的制度供给短缺造成的。建设新农村,必须通过转变理念、创新体制和完善法治对其加以改进与完善。     

论家庭承包取得的土地承包经营权抵押

根据我国担保法与农村土地承包法的规定,现行立法是禁止家庭承包取得的土地承包经营权抵押的。为促进土地资源的充分利用．实现农村经济发展．允许家庭承包取得的土地承包经营权抵押,从理论和现实两个方面分析都有可行性;并且对发展农业生产具有重要意义．家庭承包取得的土地承包经营权抵押功能的体现,需要法律上的支持和相关配套制度的构建。     

关于边疆民族地区建设社会主义新农村的哲学思考

我们党提出和实施建设社会主义新农村,既是战略性的考虑也是客观需要。反映了党和政府与时俱进的思维和谋略,它尊重和体现了马克思主义的哲学原理。边疆民族地区建设社会主义新农村有它的特殊性,从哲学的角度,可以从六个方面进行思考。     

少数民族农村社区文化生活与精神文明建设 --以云南罗平多依村布依族调查为例

通过对云南罗平县多依村布依族的调查发现,随着经济与社会的发展,社区文化对区域人群的影响作用和协调功能日益凸现,然而,受到经济发展相对滞后、教育水平偏低、信息渠道单一等因素制约,目前的农村社区文化不能适应村民不断提高的精神文化需求.鉴于此,建议在发展农村经济的基础上,强化基层组织的引导职责,以传统的农村家庭功能单位为依托,努力探索有地区特色的社区文化发展模式.     

西部大开发中西部农村市场的开拓

在西部市场中农村市场占有相当重要的地位,对西部经济的增长与发展有很强的拉动作用。因此,在西部大开发中启动西部农村市场显得非常重要。开拓和发展西部农村市场受到许多因素的影响。针对西部农村经济存在的问题,提出了一些具体措施。     

农地使用权的界定及转让探析

土地承包经营权的缺陷决定了其必须物权化为农地使用权。农地使用权是一项独立的用益物权。我国物权立法应当在确立农地使用权制度的基础上 ,允许农地使用权转让。     

对宗族势力与农村稳定的思考

宗族势力虽对农村稳定存在某些负面作用,但从社会宏观层面及纵深角度探析,宗族不仅能满足农民的本体性需求及有利于人际关系的整合,而且还能弥补政府某些功能的不足及制衡农村基层干部的腐败.如把宗族势力视为异己,不仅会增大治理难度,而且会大幅度提高治理成本.     

论承包土地稳定与流动的关系

当前许多地方对承包土地有一个片面的理解 ,认为承包土地稳定 ,就是不能动 ,动了就会违背国家的政策 ,其实这是对国家政策的一种误解 ,承包土地应在流动中稳定 ,在稳定的基础上流动。目前 ,应规范、完善和稳定农民的承包权 ,在稳定承包权的基础上 ,推进土地有序流动     

Hukou and land: market reform and rural displacement in China

Scholarship about the Chinese hukou (household registration) system has focused on the advantages and entitlements associated with urban hukou. This paper shifts attention to the key entitlement provided by rural hukou – village land. While early hukou reforms were mainly designed to open up urban labor markets to rural migrants, recent reforms have also begun to open up rural land markets, by replacing hukou-based land rights with market-based rights. These reforms are designed to facilitate land concentration and the transfer of land to outside developers and agribusiness companies, which has been hindered by hukou-based land rights. Underlying the reforms is the government's agenda of promoting large-scale agriculture and urbanization, both of which require the removal of a large portion of the rural population from the land. By focusing on land rights rather than urban benefits, this paper provides a new perspective on the evolution of the hukou system, and highlights the negative implications of recent reforms for livelihood security in the countryside.     

Conflicts of customary land tenure in rural Africa: is large-scale land acquisition a driver of ‘institutional innovation’?

This study combines legal and anthropological approaches to investigate how the establishment of a large-scale biofuel agro-industry is reinterpreting and potentially transforming customary institutional arrangements in rural Sierra Leone. The contractual relationships established between land acquirers and local authorities can be seen as an ‘institutional innovation’ that aims at interpreting and overcoming the limits of the national land regime. However, by formalizing customary land tenure structures through land registration, such innovations are exacerbating pre-existing social inequalities. We identified four categories of resulting conflicts: interlineage, intervillage, interfamily and intergenerational conflicts. Taken together, these conflicts question the current land-based sociopolitical structures of rural Sierra Leone and could be drivers of societal change.