Public confidence in the judiciary: the interaction between political awareness and level of democracy

Apart from the studies that focus on public attitudes toward higher courts in advanced democracies, we know little about the factors that can explain public confidence in the judiciary in a comparative setting. In this regard, the goal of this study is to explain whether, and to what extent, the country's level of democracy moderates the impact of political awareness on public confidence in the judiciary. This study uses hierarchical linear models to analyse the interaction between individual and country level factors by using the World Values Survey (2005–2009) data for 49 countries and various other data sources. Our empirical results show that in advanced democracies political awareness variables like education and political participation have a positive impact on public confidence in the judiciary, whereas in countries with weak levels of democracy higher political awareness leads to increased cynicism about the judiciary. These results suggest that a one-size-fits-all approach to explain confidence in the judiciary is not possible when we are dealing with a wide range of societies that vary in terms of many characteristics, both institutional and cultural.     

民用爆炸物品安全管理方法思考

目前涉及民用爆炸物品的各种案件和事故频繁发生,严重危害了公共安全和生产安全,给国家和人民群众生命财产带来重大损失,涉爆问题成为当前影响社会稳定的重大问题。近年来我国政府对民用爆炸物品的管理愈来愈重视,出台了新的规范,加大了监管力度,但即便如此,涉及民用爆炸物品的事件还是屡屡发生。这其中的原因是多方面的,既有管理机制的,也有认识方面的。     

论公共安全危机事件中公安机关与媒体的良性互动关系

我国当前正处于经济转轨和社会转型的关键时期,因人为的、社会的或管理的等因素引发各种社会矛盾和社会问题接连不断,由此导致公共安全危机事件日益凸显。由于民主政治建设的需要,保障和实现公众知情权,特别是公共安全危机事件的特点和媒体的特性,决定了媒体必然介入公安机关应对公共安全危机事件中。公安机关为及时有效地应对、管理、处置公共安全危机事件,提高公安机关驾驭社会治安能力和水平,履行好公安机关的任务和职责,必须与媒体建立良性互动关系。     

加强《食品安全法》监管工作的几点思考

近年来,我国发生了多起食品安全事件,这些事件极大地挑战了我国人民对食品安全的信心。从这些事件中,我们深刻地体会到食品安全立法一定要涵盖＂从农田到餐桌＂的全过程;从这些事件中,我们也更加深刻地体会到监管部门的责任之重大。我国《食品安全法》发布实施一年多了,面对层出不穷的食品安全事件,我们应认真的加以思索。笔者认为有关部门应继续完善和细化现有的食品安全法律法规,强化监管部门执法人员的责任意识,规范企业生产经营管理,提升企业诚信意识,建立科学可行的监管方法,如建立健全食品安全审计制度,建立健全食品安全信用档案等,以加快全社会信用体系的形成与健康发展。     

社区矫正工作者基本工作理念论析

社区矫正工作者在对矫正对象的执行刑罚、监督管理、矫正教育、危机干预、社会救助等活动中．必须在不同的工作层面上,树立以人为本、全员参与、服务矫正对象、消除犯因性问题、安全和秩序、构建和谐社区等工作理念,以提高社区矫正工作的效能和对矫正对象矫正的质量。     

细菌素在动物疾病防治中的作用和机理研究进展

从细菌素的性质、生产与制备、在动物疾病防治中的作用、抑(杀)菌机理及安全性评价等方面概述了此类由细菌分泌的高效抗菌蛋白类物质的研究进展。认为,细菌素不仅在体外对各种致病菌具有较强的抑杀作用,而且经口服能显著抑制动物胃肠道内的有害菌,腹腔或静脉注射后可防治动物全身性细菌感染,无任何毒害作用,是一类可用于动物疾病防治的理想的抗生素替代品。     

走出慈善的尴尬——试析我国慈善事业发展的困境及出路

目前我国慈善事业虽然发展迅速,但是仍面临一系列困境,如政府角色认识偏差、公民慈善意识较弱、公众对慈善认识的偏差等意识困境;法律不健全、登记困难、税收政策不完善等法制困境;信息公开和内部治理不健全等机制困境。中国的慈善事业健康发展的出路是树立现代慈善意识、走法制化道路和完善机制。     

Postmortem Analysis of Electrogram Records from an Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator (ICD) in the Reconstruction of a Road Traffic Accident

The case of a 69‐year‐old man, equipped with an ICD and suffering from several chronic cardiac diseases, who died in a car accident, was presented. We analyzed electrogram records from the ICD explanted from the body during the autopsy, which showed that the driver had suffered from malignant ventricular arrhythmia—ventricular fibrillation (VF). A thorough analysis of the details of the accident, as well as the timing of VF and the rhythm observed after the discharge of the ICD showed that the direct cause of the accident was the episode of arrhythmia resulting in a loss of consciousness. Therefore, the presented case illustrates the usefulness of postmortem analysis of electrogram records from ICDs in the reconstruction of road traffic accidents. In such cases, if the victims are implanted with ICDs, it should be a routine procedure performed by forensic pathologists.     

CRITICAL THINKING ABOUT THE PRECAUTIONARY PRINCIPLE IN CHINA’S FOOD SAFETY LAW

We are living in a risk society where people devised the Precautionary Principle in order to minimize the harm caused by risk ex ante. Compared to the previous Food Hygiene Law (FHL) and the 2009 Food Safety Law, the 2015 revised Chinese Food Safety Law (FSL) made a real breakthrough in the sense that it legitimates an important principle in food safety governance. Apart from laying down the fundamental importance of this principle in food safety regulations, the FSL 2015 also invented arrangements from different aspects in order to implement this principle. In other words, the FSL 2015’s incorporation of the Precautionary Principle in a very real sense marked a transition from a demonstrative preventive food safety management regime to a more effective precautionary regime. However, the Precautionary Principle needs to be adopted in a “precautionary” way since this principle has its own limitations and defects. Incautious application of the principle may create new risks. This article compares the European approach in implementing the Precautionary Principle, and examines China’s legal arrangements against negative impacts brought by the Precautionary Principle. Three perspectives are discussed: independence of scientific institutes; proportionality in risk management measures, and the shift of burden of proof for market authorization.     

珠江上游农业区域生态现状及生态安全预警系统的可行性研究

珠江上游地区农业人口众多 ,对生态环境依赖和压力很大。本文通过对珠江上游农业区域的生态现状进行综述 ,阐明生态安全对可持续发展的重要性以及生态安全预警系统建立的必要性 ,进而对建立生态安全预警系统的可行性、原则、基本方法和步骤进行初步研究 ,为这一区域生态环境和可持续发展研究奠定基础。