论法学研究的中国问题意识——以关于法律信仰问题的争论为分析线索

法学研究的中国问题意识根本而言就是批判反省意识,对它的论证应当坚守事实证成和价值证成两个维度。在当下中国,法学研究既不能做简单的信息提供者,也不能唯主义至上。这既是纠偏目前中国法学界形形色色的问题意识误区的需要,也是适格的法学研究的中国问题意识当下在场的主要方式。     

在分散与统一之间——美国食品安全监管事权划分探析

美国食品安全事权划分,在形式上呈现分散特征,联邦层面有十多个机构参与食品监管事务,州、地方、部落、领地有3000多个独立的监管机构来保障本地食品安全,这种分散特征主要是由美国的宪政体制、权力结构的分散性和政策输出的不确定性造成的。但在实际运行过程中,各监管机构之间通过正式的和非正式的协调活动,彼此之间分享了权力,共享了食品安全监管标准,达到了一定的统一性。我国食品安全事权划分可在明晰监管机构间的责任、保持事权划分稳定性以培养专业能力、建立倒金字塔式的监管任务结构方面借鉴美国的经验。     

同时鉴定9种肉源种属的复合检测体系的建立及其应用

目的建立一种可以同时鉴定猪、牛、羊、鸡、鸭、猫、狗、鼠和鲤鱼的多重PCR检测方法,并测试其技术性能指标,评估其在法医学或食品安全事件中的应用价值。方法根据上述9种动物的线粒体细胞色素b基因,利用其片段中种间特异性强的序列设计引物,采用毛细管电泳检测平台对各种属PCR扩增产物进行检测,依据扩增片段长度的差异与标记的荧光对初始模板的肉源种属进行鉴别;并通过扩增特异性、实际样本测试、混合样本检测灵敏度等指标评价该方法在实际法医学或食品安全案件中的应用价值。结果经过验证,建立的同时鉴定9种肉源种属的复合检测体系对其中任意一个种属的检测特异性均较高,且灵敏度较强,能够满足绝大多数法医学或食品安全案件中的检测要求。结论本研究建立的肉源种属复合检测体系可以在法医学未知种属样本的鉴定及食品安全肉类掺假等案件中提供帮助。     

How much insecurity does security need? The discrepancy in assessing the sense of security of children,adolescents, and caregivers in institutions

When developing concepts for protecting children and youth who live in institutions, the perspective of the addressees has so far been insufficiently taken into account. This study aims to compare the assessment of children, youth, and caregivers in institutions with regard to group atmosphere, participation, and sense of safety. A combined quantitative and qualitative approach compares the assessment of children or youth and caregivers in child and youth welfare institutions, boarding schools, and clinics through the use of an online questionnaire and group discussions that address the topics safety, group atmosphere, and participation. The quantitative questionnaire included 233 youth age 14 years and up and 490 caregivers; 87 children or youth between the ages of 11 and 18 years and 73 caregivers were part of the qualitative group discussion. The questionnaire showed that youth and caregivers assessed the sense of security in principle as positive. With regard to group atmosphere and participation, youth tended to see these aspects in a positive light, but almost all youth-aged participants viewed these specific categories more critically than did the adult caregivers. The results from the group discussions make clear that children, adolescents, and caregivers often underestimate the real dangers. The existing sense of security in institutions may be the result of underestimating real dangers. Implications for the implementation of protection concepts are drawn.     

Food safety and the political economy of food governance: the case of shrimp farming in Nam Dinh Province,Vietnam

This contribution is a critique of the public and private governance models in response to the food safety crisis in Vietnam. Using shrimp farming in Nam Dinh province as a case study, the paper argues that public food governance has addressed some of the safety issues in the input sector but remains largely ineffective at the production level due to limited financial and human resources. In turn, private governance has had more successes but its impact is limited to the value-chain while food safety can be influenced by both sectoral and cross-sectoral production practices. In addition, it reinforces the subordination of direct producers by keeping them within industrial production, passing down the cost of safety compliance, and forcing them to assume production risks while reducing their profit margins. More importantly, safety governance under industrial farming is likely to open new opportunities for land expropriation and concentration, affecting the livelihood of small farmers and potentially leading to political unrest. The essay thus asserts that food safety needs to be addressed under the integrated framework of Food Sovereignty, which seeks to obtain food quality, including safety together with agroecological production, farmers' control of productive resources and the enabling of local trading systems.     

Change and Continuation: Masculinity,Driving, and Disability in the Lives of “Young Problem Drivers” in the Aftermath of Severe Road Traffic Accidents

ABSTRACT

In research on traffic injury prevention, young male drivers willing to take risks are known as “young problem drivers” and have been identified as the greatest road safety challenge. This intersectional study draws on interviews and participant observation, and employs a masculinity perspective to explore how 12 young, male drivers who were injured in severe accidents assess driving after their accidents and ways in which they construct their identities as disabled men. While the participants cited their accidents as a turning point that prompted a change in their attitudes and practices regarding driving, they often continued to engage in deviant driving practices, especially speeding. In addition, the men tended to distance themselves from the social category of disability. We propose that the field of traffic injury prevention would benefit from supplementing the biological approach in the research literature with cultural perspectives on the internal logics and prevailing masculinity discourses that guide the choices of young, male drivers. Also, we argue that the men’s negotiation of disability illustrates the stigma still attached to the social category of disability.     

关于工会维护职工安全权的思考与建议

维护职工权益是工会的基本职责。北京市"十二五"时期职工发展规划提出了职工的六项权益,其中之一即是安全权,发挥工会的监督职能,有效维护职工的安全权,实现体面劳动是工会的主要任务之一。工会应注重源头参与,通过签订劳动安全卫生专项集体合同、帮助职工签订劳动合同、开展安康杯竞赛、强化班组安全文化建设、提高员工安全意识、参加事故调查等途径有效维护职工安全权。     

重构我国监事会制度

从公司治理的法律价值目标角度分析 ,保障公司长远利益最大化的两个重要因素是效率和安全。公司结构在实务操作中的严重扭曲及监事会立法规范本身的缺陷是我国监事会弱化的原因。重构我国监事会制度的三点建议。     

国外职业安全卫生法的发展及对当代中国的启示

职业安全卫生法在国外有着较长的历史,英、美、日本等工业国家已形成完善的职业安全卫生法体系,对保护劳动者的权益、维护社会稳定起了重要的作用.我国的职业安全卫生立法正处于起步阶段,研究、借鉴国外的制度与经验对我国立法的发展具有重大意义.     

警务地理信息系统的应用研究

在分析介绍警务地理信息系统本质的基础上,分析警务地理信息系统的应用特性和存在问题,进而研究如何设计、建设和改进完善警务地理信息系统。