DNA Recovery From Tape-Lifting Kits: Methodology and Practice

In the case of suspicious deaths, the technique of 1:1 taping is often used in Belgium. It consists of affixing a large number of adhesive tapes to the body of the victim. It is conventionally aimed at obtaining microtraces (e.g., fibers, hair) and is usually not used for DNA analysis. However, in some cases, DNA analysis of certain areas of interest identified on the 1:1 taping material can offer a last resort solution. The four-step method that is described in this article involves the selection of areas of interest on the body (Step 1), the selection of the corresponding tapes (Step 2), the decontamination of the tapes (Step 3), the selection of areas of interest on the tapes, for DNA sampling (Step 4). The method is illustrated by its successful application in four murder cases. In each case, DNA profiles of good quality could be identified, including profiles of persons different from the victim.     

Lessons from International Multi-Option Referendum Experiences

Referendums are regularly criticised for reducing complex policy decisions to two maximally opposed options. This reduces opportunities for voter expression and can polarise debates. Alternative referendum designs which present more than two ballot options can offer innovative opportunities, but also raise new challenges. We can benefit by learning from previous experiences with multi-option referendum voting. Discussions of such experiences are rare and have often focussed on a limited number of cases. This article provides an overview of over 100 multi-option referendum experiences around the world. It discusses the topics on which they were held and the ballot options that were offered. It then analyses the variety in ballot design in terms of questions posed and voting methods applied. Drawing on the experiences of multi-option referendums, the article concludes with lessons that can be learned in relation to initiating and designing these referendums.     

问题教学法的实践与思考

运用问题教学法需要技巧并坚持一定的原则,只有这样才能取得良好的教学效果,学生才能从中受益。     

刑侦画像造型训练方法的研究

刑侦画像是依据目击者的记忆语言描述,利用素描等手法模拟刻画犯罪嫌疑人相貌特征的技术手段。刑侦画像造型训练方法的研究,为刑侦画像技术的教育实践工作探索科学有效的培养训练方法,以适应我国公安刑侦工作的实际需要。     

天然药物化学课程教学方法的探讨

随着当前对天然药物开发研究的不断深入,天然药物化学课程的重要性也越来越受到重视。而传统的天然药物化学教学方式多为教师讲授,学生被动地听、甚至靠死记硬背,学生的学习兴趣没有得到激发,效率不高,普遍反映枯燥难学。因而全面提高天然药物化学的学习水平和教学质量具有重要意义。为此,作者结合自己的教学经验谈一些感受。     

Productivity,craftwork and flexibility: the Mobil agreements

ABSTRACT

Using original documents, this paper describes and analyses the case study of one of the productivity bargaining agreements from a leading exponent of productivity bargaining, Mobil’s Coryton Refinery. As well as being important in the UK oil industry these agreements spread throughout the economy. They resulted in major concessions by the unions to relax inter-craft and craft-production trade boundaries and to changes in work methods. These are illustrated in detail and placed in context. Such changes were heralded as ‘new look industrial relations’ and as such were based on a conception of joint regulation. However, other interpretations are possible, and these are then explored and discussed.     

第二次世界大战后武力使用规范的演进

在国际法体系中,武装冲突法可谓编纂得最为完备的一个分支。经过数百年的积累和铺垫,第二次世界大战后武力使用规范逐渐发展成为完整的规范体系并呈现出四大特征:即为了适应国际关系的新变化武装冲突法扩大了适用范围;使用核武器是否合法成为国际法的重要问题;出现了在武装冲突中"反向"使用武力以达到实现和平目的的新方式——联合国维持和平行动以及在武装冲突中出现了大量作为作战手段而使用的性暴力行为等。然而进入21世纪以后,武装冲突的形态与样式均发生了重大变化,一方面,以无人机、自主作战机器人、纳米生物武器和网络战为代表的新型作战手段方法层出不穷;另一方面,非国家行为体在武装冲突中使用武力的情况有所增加,更出现了私人军事安保公司等法律地位在国际法上尚处于空白的交战主体。以朝核危机为标志,核武器对于国际和平与安全的巨大的潜在甚至是现实的威胁再次凸显,迅速成为国际政治和国际法中的热点核心议题。值得注意的是,即使武装冲突法的基本原则依然相对稳定,但是不断出现的新作战手段和方法,仍然给国际法和国际安全提出了一系列亟须应对的新挑战。     

新生猪胰腺干细胞培养方法的建立

通过对不同饲养层和培养基以及细胞因子进行筛选,比较了各种培养基和细胞生长因子对细胞传代时间和增殖细胞比例的影响,选择最佳分离条件,建立了新生猪胰腺干细胞体外培养的最佳体系。结果显示,以成纤维细胞为饲养层,在含100 mL/L胎牛血清的L-DMEM中添加表皮生长因子、干细胞因子、白血病抑制因子的培养液中培养,细胞能快速增殖,多突起、多角形、小圆形、长梭形4种类型干细胞的增殖比例适中,而且各种类型的细胞都能长期传代培养。     

关于战术基础理论创新型教学模式的构想

教学模式是构成课程、选择教材、指导教学活动的一种计划或范型。可简单地理解为教学的一般结构、进程和运用的方法、手段。战术理论作为理性认识了的执法战斗的原理、原则和方法,其教学模式有其特殊性。文章围绕“集约施教,自主施学”的创新教育理念,从“构建教学模式的总体思路、构建教学模式的主要内容、构建教学模式突出体现的思想”三个方面,对战术理论的教学模式进行了初步的探索和研究。     

贺氏火针温通法治疗肱骨外上髁炎临床观察

目的 观察贺氏火针温通法对肱骨外上髁炎的疗效。方法 收集2014年1月至2014年12月首都医科大学附属北京中医医院针灸科肱骨外上髁炎患者60例,按就诊顺序将患者分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。对照组每日毫针刺肘髎、曲池、手三里、合谷穴,治疗组加用贺氏火针隔日点刺阿是穴,两组均连续治疗10 d。以疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）、Mayo肘关节功能评分表（mayo elbow performance score,MEPS）为观察指标,判定临床疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后两组VAS评分均显著降低（P<0.05）,MEPS评分均显著升高（P<0.05）,治疗组VAS评分降低值和MEPS评分升高值均显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 贺氏火针温通法可有效缓解肱骨外上髁炎的疼痛程度,改善肘关节功能。