AN EXPLORATORY STUDY OF THE VIOLENT VICTIMIZATION OF WOMEN: RACE/ETHNICITY AND SITUATIONAL CONTEXT*

Although much has been learned in recent years about the victimization experiences of women, there remains a considerable knowledge gap with respect to the victimization of women of different racial and ethnic backgrounds. In order to confront this issue, we use the large number of cases available in the National Crime Victimization Survey (1992–2000) to examine the risk and protective factors associated with violent victimization among non‐Hispanic white, non‐Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Native American women. We then describe in more detail the violent incidents against these women, looking for distinguishing patterns across groups. Our results are useful for fine‐tuning theories of victimization to explain variance in violence for females across racial and ethnic subgroups.     

When context matters: how false,truthful, and genre-related communication styles are revealed in language

ABSTRACT

In this preregistered experiment, we address an understudied question in the deception and language literature: What is the impact of context on false and truthful language patterns? Drawing on two theories, Truth-Default Theory and the Contextual Organization of Language and Deception model, we instructed participants (N?=?639) to lie, tell the truth, or write within a genre without explicit lying or truth-telling instructions across different topics (e.g. their friends, attitudes on abortion). The results successfully replicate several cue-based models for self-references and negative affect, such as the Newman Pennebaker model of deception. Participants without lying or truth-telling instructions, but who wrote within genre conventions, showed markedly similar patterns to truth-tellers, though indicators of analytic thinking, adjectives, and auxiliary verbs were distinct. The data were also evaluated with a topic modeling approach and suggest that the abortion process was construed negatively when people lied about the topic. Truth-tellers construed abortion in objective terms and genre-related speech highlighted key role-players (e.g. the government, men, women, baby). We discuss how these data advance deception and language theory.     

解构香港群体意识形态的文化脉络

意识形态是文化的核心,又离不开文化的形塑.中国传统文化、岭南文化、西方现代文化和商业文化在香港独特的社会历史条件下相互交融的过程,从侧面反映了香港文化的发展历程,又为探讨香港群体意识形态的形成史提供了线索.因此,解构香港群体意识形态的文化脉络,洞察港人观念体系形成的内在规律,有助于内地和香港思想文化的对话与交流.     

A Multilevel Analysis of Community Effects on Criminal Sentencing

This research examines the influence of several important community characteristics on the sentencing of convicted felony defendants, net of other predictors associated with sentencing decisions. Using an appropriate multilevel technique, I find that several community characteristics affect the likelihood that defendants are sentenced to prison versus jail. However, none of the community characteristics influence the odds of prison versus non‐custodial sanctions or jail versus non‐custodial sanctions for these defendants. This underscores the importance of using sentencing measures beyond the basic “in/out” dichotomy. Even more importantly, the results suggest that there remains a statistically significant and substantial amount of sentencing variation across counties after controlling for relevant individual‐ and community‐level factors. The implications of these findings for research, theory, and policy‐making are discussed.     

THE POWER OF DIVERSION: INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS AND SENTENCING DISPARITY UNDER PRESUMPTIVE GUIDELINES*

Fiscal constraints and shifting political climates in corrections have recently led to a renewed interest in intermediate punishments. Despite their growing prevalence, though, relatively little empirical research has examined the judicial use of alternative sanctions as a sentencing option. By using 3 years of data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS), this study investigates little‐researched questions regarding the use of sentencing alternatives among offenders and across contexts. Results indicate that male and minority offenders are the least likely to receive intermediate sanctions, both as a diversionary jail or prison sentence and as a substitute for probation. The probability of receiving an intermediate sanction also varies significantly across judges and court contexts and is related to county‐level funding for these programs, among other factors. Findings are discussed as they relate to contemporary theoretical perspectives on the perceived suitability of intermediate punishments and on the unique role that offender agency plays in the sentencing of these cases. Directions for future research are discussed.     

劳动法的能与不能--一种语境论进路的解析和思考

目前,我国正处于社会转型时期,对我国劳动法的作用、意义、宗旨应有冷静客观的认识,尤其要意识到劳动法的局限,劳动法不能的一面.我国劳动法的生存和发展的语境与西方劳动法是迥然不同的,其作用的发挥应立足我国当前的实际,重视对劳动法实践过程中我国广大民众的实践经验的累积和提炼.     

中文语境下“Forensic science”界定与诠释

作为美国司法制度的一项有机组成部分,“Forensic Science”已与其诉讼法律文化紧密融为一体。美国诉讼活动中,双方当事人对于某项专门性问题进行举证时,往往需要运用被称为“Forensic Scieilce”的科学实证活动予以证明。在将“Forellsic Science”一词引入国内的同时,必须在中文语境基础上对其进行准确界定与诠释。通过中美诉讼法律文化的比较研究,并对我国现有相关专业术语进行辨析后可以发现,“司法鉴定”一词与“Forensic Science”不仅在内涵、外延上较为吻合,亦符合我国诉讼制度与司法实践的现实要求。同时,采用“司法鉴定”一词,还可以充分反映出“Forensic Science”的本质属性,避免因中文界定的偏差而造成不必要的争议与误解。     

多元信息环境下的电视新闻改革

市场经济条件下,信息的生发、需求与传播环境发生了重要变化,电视新闻需要实现质的飞跃。电视新闻应加大对新闻本体的解读,为观众提供"澄清"和"解惑"的信息,同时应致力于新闻群组开发、信息环境经营等方面的改革。     

经济理论的语境分析

经济理论语境分析一直潜存于经济学方法论研究之中。在现代经济学方法论研究及情境语义学研究的背景下,经济学语境分析之于经济学方法论研究具有重要价值。无论是自然科学还是人文社会科学都是一个连续体,是一个连续体上的不同部分。