Transferring MSW Education to Practice: A Qualitative Study With Public Child Welfare Employees

This study used a qualitative analysis of survey data collected from public child welfare employees (n = 168) as they completed master's of social work courses in a weekend/hybrid program, to examine their perceptions of ability to apply classroom learning to practice. The program, which combined a focus on direct practice and management, was developed in partnership with the state's public child welfare agency, during a period of systemic change and case practice reform. Findings indicate that students readily transferred knowledge and skills to the workplace, albeit with some challenges. In particular, management courses appeared to provide an important framework in understanding the organizational context of practice.     

学校教育价值的失落与复归——师生关系的社会学解读

人与人之间的交往是当代社会学家剖析现代生活、反思人类在发展过程中的自我迷失、探询生活本真意义的一个重要视角。师生交往是教育实践范畴的重要内容之一，它既是学校教育价值的根本体现，也是实现这一价值的重要途径。对师生交往的历史与范式的不断探询，其意义不单单在于能够对教育发展的历史轨迹和不同时期的水平作出生动的揭示，还在于通过对真实、普遍的师生交往的审视和质疑，能够有效地折射出支撑这一关系的磐基，因此，它是评判教育发展与革新的重要指标。     

Evidence for Social and Behavior Problems in Low-Income,Urban Preschoolers: Effects of Site,Classroom, and Teacher

Teacher ratings of 336 preschool children (mean age = 48 months) attending two urban Head Start programs were collected to examine the influence of contextual variables of teacher training, classroom, and site on the prevalence of significant problems. The prevalence of externalizing behaviors in the problem range was higher than expected and fewer children were rated in the well-adjusted range on social competence measures. Psychometric characteristics of the ratings indicated that teachers in this urban setting were less consistent in their ratings of internalizing problems, calling into question the lack of elevation of such problems in this population. Ratings by teachers and teacher assistants of the same children showed low agreement; the level of ratings was not affected by differences in training but did vary across classrooms. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses of the entire sample showed significant effects of classroom and site on problem behaviors and social competence. These results reveal the wide variation in problem frequency across classrooms, which needs to be considered in the implementation and evaluation of evidence-based interventions. Further, these results point to the importance of studying possible lasting effects on children exposed to these differing contexts.     

语境创建与语言教学

自20世纪70年代后期以来,语境的重要性受到越来越多的语言学家和语言教学工作者的重视,语境对语言意义理解具有十分重要的影响。根据我国英语教学的实践,外语课堂教学中要创建语境,语境设计既要符合英语的语言规律,又要体现教学的宏观性、整体性和系统性,从而通过语境有效地使用语言,提高正确理解语言的能力。     

语言中的词与言语中的词

语言中的词是指孤立存在的词,言语中的词是指进入了语境得以运用的词。语言中的词往往具有多义性,而言语中的词其词义一般是单一的。语言中的词其词义具有抽象性,言语中的词其词义则具有特指性。语言中的词的词义较为稳定,而言语中的词却可以临时具有某种意义。     

努力构建学习型工会院校

把学习型组织理论运用于工会院校建设,创建学习型工会院校,就要找准切入点,树立终身学习观念,建立组织学习机制,营造人本管理氛围。     

会话话语的审美再分析

会话语境是会话话语审美研究中的一个重大课题。会话语境包含言辞内语境信息和言辞外语境信息,其直接影响到会话话语审美关系的形成:会话语境可以使会话生成音响形象及其情感意味之美,并可补充话语信息含量从而引发审美意象;会话语境可以扩大、弱化或模糊会话话语的所指意义,使会话话语具有审美意味;会话话语可以因言辞内语境因素的影响发生变异而获得美感;在会话语境信息的作用下,一级所指可以发生变异,转化为二级所指而获得审美优势;会话话语的审美在历时性的传承中,因历史文化、社会心理等语境因素的影响,会不断地被建构、解构和重构。     

Rediscovering artificial intelligence and law: an inadequate jurisprudence?

Headlines suggesting that Google scientists had developed the first computer programme capable of learning a wide variety of tasks independently, in what has been hailed as a significant step towards ‘true artificial intelligence’¹1 Accessed February 26, 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/feb/25/google-develops-computer-program-capable-of-learning-tasks-independently. may or may not presage a new era of artificial intelligence (AI) research. Nevertheless, they suggest a need to reconsider the story of AI in law. While significant changes have taken place in the application of information technology to law-work, these have resulted mainly from ordinary information technology processes such as data processing, data storage, retrieval and management in combination with the information rich, rapid and global communication and networking capabilities of the Internet. However, when information technology has been applied to deeper legal processes, which involve the very nature of law, the result has not been very successful. This is especially so in relation to the application of AI systems to law. Philip Leith blamed the meagre and unsatisfactory results of costly AI and law research on faulty jurisprudence and especially on almost exclusive reliance on analytical positivism and ignorance of user needs and requirements. Many involved with AI and law still refuse to acknowledge that there are underlying problems with the way they conceptualise the nature of legal reasoning. Does AI in law have a future then? This article explores recent nuanced approaches to AI and law research and suggests the need for rethinking the jurisprudence that underpins AI and law and in particular to consider the realist social economic and political context in which AI and law works.     

Protest participation and economic crisis: The conditioning role of political opportunities

The economic crisis that started in 2008 has negatively affected European nations to different degrees. The sudden rise in demonstrations particularly in those countries most hard hit by the crisis suggests that grievance theories, dismissed in favour of resource‐based models since the 1970s, might have a role to play in explaining protest behaviour. While most previous studies have tested these theories at the individual or contextual levels, it is likely that mechanisms at both levels are interrelated. To fill this lacuna, this article examines the ways in which individual‐level grievances interact with macro‐level factors to impact on protest behaviour. In particular, it examines whether the impact of individual subjective feelings of deprivation is conditional on contextual macroeconomic and policy factors. It is found that while individual‐level relative deprivation has a direct effect on the propensity to have protested in the last year, this effect is greater under certain macroeconomic and political conditions. Both significant results for the cross‐level interactions are interpreted in terms of their role for opening up political opportunities for protest among those who feel they have been most deprived in the current crisis. These findings suggest that the interaction of the contextual and individual levels should continue to be explored in future studies in order to further clarify the mechanisms underlying protest behaviour.     

论交际策略在高职高专英语教学中的应用

交际策略是语言交际能力的一个重要组成部分,在外语习得中具有重要的作用。由于东西方语言和文化的差异,往往导致高职高专学生在用英语交流时常出现交流受阻或中断的情况。因而,利用真实或模拟的语境让学生了解文化差异,培养学生的交际策略意识和能力,使其在实际交流过程中有意识地扬长避短,才能切实提高学生的英语交际水平。