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171.
会话话语的审美再分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
会话语境是会话话语审美研究中的一个重大课题。会话语境包含言辞内语境信息和言辞外语境信息,其直接影响到会话话语审美关系的形成:会话语境可以使会话生成音响形象及其情感意味之美,并可补充话语信息含量从而引发审美意象;会话语境可以扩大、弱化或模糊会话话语的所指意义,使会话话语具有审美意味;会话话语可以因言辞内语境因素的影响发生变异而获得美感;在会话语境信息的作用下,一级所指可以发生变异,转化为二级所指而获得审美优势;会话话语的审美在历时性的传承中,因历史文化、社会心理等语境因素的影响,会不断地被建构、解构和重构。 相似文献
172.
Abdul Paliwala 《International Review of Law, Computers & Technology》2016,30(3):107-114
Headlines suggesting that Google scientists had developed the first computer programme capable of learning a wide variety of tasks independently, in what has been hailed as a significant step towards ‘true artificial intelligence’1 may or may not presage a new era of artificial intelligence (AI) research. Nevertheless, they suggest a need to reconsider the story of AI in law. While significant changes have taken place in the application of information technology to law-work, these have resulted mainly from ordinary information technology processes such as data processing, data storage, retrieval and management in combination with the information rich, rapid and global communication and networking capabilities of the Internet. However, when information technology has been applied to deeper legal processes, which involve the very nature of law, the result has not been very successful. This is especially so in relation to the application of AI systems to law. Philip Leith blamed the meagre and unsatisfactory results of costly AI and law research on faulty jurisprudence and especially on almost exclusive reliance on analytical positivism and ignorance of user needs and requirements. Many involved with AI and law still refuse to acknowledge that there are underlying problems with the way they conceptualise the nature of legal reasoning. Does AI in law have a future then? This article explores recent nuanced approaches to AI and law research and suggests the need for rethinking the jurisprudence that underpins AI and law and in particular to consider the realist social economic and political context in which AI and law works. 相似文献
173.
Protest participation and economic crisis: The conditioning role of political opportunities 下载免费PDF全文
The economic crisis that started in 2008 has negatively affected European nations to different degrees. The sudden rise in demonstrations particularly in those countries most hard hit by the crisis suggests that grievance theories, dismissed in favour of resource‐based models since the 1970s, might have a role to play in explaining protest behaviour. While most previous studies have tested these theories at the individual or contextual levels, it is likely that mechanisms at both levels are interrelated. To fill this lacuna, this article examines the ways in which individual‐level grievances interact with macro‐level factors to impact on protest behaviour. In particular, it examines whether the impact of individual subjective feelings of deprivation is conditional on contextual macroeconomic and policy factors. It is found that while individual‐level relative deprivation has a direct effect on the propensity to have protested in the last year, this effect is greater under certain macroeconomic and political conditions. Both significant results for the cross‐level interactions are interpreted in terms of their role for opening up political opportunities for protest among those who feel they have been most deprived in the current crisis. These findings suggest that the interaction of the contextual and individual levels should continue to be explored in future studies in order to further clarify the mechanisms underlying protest behaviour. 相似文献
174.
论交际策略在高职高专英语教学中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
蒋清宇 《安徽警官职业学院学报》2008,7(2):81-83
交际策略是语言交际能力的一个重要组成部分,在外语习得中具有重要的作用。由于东西方语言和文化的差异,往往导致高职高专学生在用英语交流时常出现交流受阻或中断的情况。因而,利用真实或模拟的语境让学生了解文化差异,培养学生的交际策略意识和能力,使其在实际交流过程中有意识地扬长避短,才能切实提高学生的英语交际水平。 相似文献
175.
The impact of racial context on white voters' support for black candidates in biracial elections has drawn considerable attention from students of racial politics. Two major theories—black threat and social interaction—use different geographic units and provide conflicting explanations. The present study seeks to contribute to the resolution of the controversy by empirically examining white crossover voting at both election unit and neighborhood levels. Twenty-nine mayoral and councilmanic district elections in New Orleans from 1977 to 1998 are investigated. The findings are not consistent with the hypotheses derived from black threat and social interaction theories. Rather than a reflection of racial tolerance or hostility, the changes in white crossover voting in different racial contexts may indicate a rational and strategic adjustment on the part of white voters when they face the prospect of black electoral success. 相似文献
176.
隐喻的认知视角与语境解读 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
隐喻不仅是一种修辞手段,更是一种重要的思维方式和认知工具。认知语言学从一个新的视角和高度来解释隐喻,为许多语言现象的理解提供了理据。从认知角度分析隐喻的本质、种类及影响其识破和理解的相关语境因素是一种有益的尝试。 相似文献
177.
178.
Jeff Kukucka Ph.D. Alexa Hiley M.A. Saul M. Kassin Ph.D 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(6):1978-1990
Knowledge of task-irrelevant information influences judgments of forensic science evidence and thereby undermines their probative value (i.e., forensic confirmation bias). The current studies tested whether laypeople discount the opinion of a forensic examiner who had a priori knowledge of biasing information (i.e., a defendant's confession) that could have influenced his opinion. In three experiments, laypeople (N = 765) read and evaluated a trial summary which, for some, included testimony from a forensic examiner who was either unaware or aware of the defendant's confession, and either denied or admitted that it could have impacted his opinion. When the examiner admitted that the confession could have influenced his opinion, laypeople generally discounted his testimony, as evidenced by their verdicts and other ratings. However, when the examiner denied being vulnerable to bias, laypeople tended to believe him—and they weighted his testimony as strongly as that of the confession-unaware examiner. In short, laypeople generally failed to recognize the superiority of forensic science judgments made by context-blind examiners, and they instead trusted examiners who claimed to be impervious to bias. As such, our findings highlight the value of implementing context management procedures in forensic laboratories so as not to mislead fact-finders. 相似文献
179.
Lin Ye Xiangeng Peng Laura Quadros Aniche Peter H. T. Scholten Elena Marie Ensenado 《公共行政管理与发展》2021,41(1):23-33
A major policy innovation in China, urban renewal creates an opportunity to promote sustainable inner‐city development and to foster economic growth in an environmentally and culturally sound way, which demands a close investigation of its context, internal and external dynamics, and policy features. Property‐led redevelopment dominated China's urban renewal since the early 1990s, as a result of the market reform and political decentralization. Recently, it has become important to meet the interests of local communities and the diverse stakeholders in the effort to preserve the urban history and cultural fabric of cities. Contextual factors in urban renewal policy and its innovation are investigated by analyzing a pioneering case in Guangzhou from a longitudinal study approach. The impact of the structural‐instrumental, cultural‐institutional, and environmental perspective on policy innovation with the change of contextual factors that transformed the development ideology and the managerial practice are identified to provide a new angle of studying policy innovation in the urban field. 相似文献
180.
William C. Thompson J.D. Ph.D. Nicholas Scurich Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2019,64(5):1379-1388
Contextual bias has been widely discussed as a possible problem in forensic science. The trial simulation experiment reported here examined reactions of jurors at a county courthouse to cross‐examination and arguments about contextual bias in a hypothetical case. We varied whether the key prosecution witness (a forensic odontologist) was cross‐examined about the subjectivity of his interpretations and about his exposure to potentially biasing task‐irrelevant information. Jurors found the expert less credible and were less likely to convict when the expert admitted that his interpretation rested on subjective judgment, and when he admitted having been exposed to potentially biasing task‐irrelevant contextual information (relative to when these issues were not raised by the lawyers). The findings suggest, however, that forensic scientists can immunize themselves against such challenges and maximize the weight jurors give their evidence by adopting context management procedures that blind them to task‐irrelevant information. 相似文献