语境在话语分析中的作用

语境是一个极为综合复杂而重要的语言学概念.本文在进一步理解语境和话语分析等语言学概念的基础上,把语境分为上下文语境、情景语境和文化语境,并探讨这三种语境在话语分析中的作用.由此可见:话语分析是一定语境下的话语分析,语境的理解和把握有助于话语分析.     

语境的释义功能与翻译中词义的确定

语境是语用学的重要理论之一 ,它是理解语言必不可少的因素 ,语境对语言具有释义功能 ,翻译过程中确定词义依赖于语境的释义功能 ,在翻译中确定词义应考虑文本语境中的语言知识、背景知识、情景知识或相互知识等因素     

Modernity and the Politics of Identity in an Amazonian Society

Abstract— Recent work in the anthropology of practice shows that cultural transmission is a complex and active process rooted in everyday activity. It follows that cultural continuity depends more on understanding in practice than on the internalisation of collective representations. These insights are used to examine critically the provision of state bilingual education to the Huaorani, a small group of Amazonian hunter-gatherers. It is generally hoped that bilingual programmes for indigenous minorities will protect their linguistic and cultural rights. However, by neglecting ‘culture in practice’ and reducing culture to language, these programmes foster the emergence of a discursive identity at odds with the cultural continuity of nomadic and egalitarian indigenous groups. This case study is used to discuss some recent analyses of the politics of cultural identity and difference. It is argued that current thinking fails to recognise that culture is acquired and transmitted within communities of practice. 01997 Society for Latin American Studies.     

Local labour market competition and radical right voting: Evidence from France

How do the economic effects of immigration affect radical right support? The evidence in support of the labour market competition theory — which posits that the economic threat posed by immigration to jobs and wages leads to radical right voting — has been mixed. On the one hand, individual-level surveys underreport economic drivers because of social desirability bias. On the other hand, contextual studies show contradictory findings due to an over-reliance on units of analysis that are too aggregated to meaningfully capture the competitive threat posed by immigrants. This paper identifies the influence of labour market competition on radical right voting at a local level in contexts where native workers are directly affected by the arrival of immigrants who have similar or higher skillsets. Using an original longitudinal dataset of fine-grained municipal electoral, demographic and economic data from France over the 2002–2017 period, the paper provides empirical evidence of local contextual influences of economic competition between natives and immigrants of any skillset. Under local conditions of material deprivation, measured by the local unemployment rate, the effect of labour market competition on municipalities’ radical right vote share is amplified. Moreover, higher radical right support is observed in municipalities with a higher share of any one of the following groups: low-skilled natives, medium-skilled immigrants or high-skilled immigrants. This supports the hypothesis that immigrants with higher qualifications are compelled to accept lower-skilled jobs, and are thus perceived as a competitive threat to low-skilled natives. By reconciling radical right contextual studies and research on the political economy of immigration policies, this paper highlights the importance of a local analysis in detecting the effect of labour market competition on radical right support. This paper also explains why some local areas are more prone to radical right support than others over time.     

英语中的歧义问题

语言的歧义问题是一个自然现象,这是由于思维方式、文化背景的不问造成的。但语言的歧义问题是可以通过语境来消 除的。     

规律性短时巨大交通流量集中区域交通组织方法及实证研究——以湖南省娄底市贤童街交通改善为例

巨大交通流量在短时间内规律性地高度集中和疏散，已经成为城市内一种日益常见的交通行为现象，典型的有如一些办学规模较大的中小学学校通学交通以及由此衍生的其他交通行为。本文结合湖南省娄底市第一中学等学校所在区域的交通问题，通过实证分析的方法，在对道路基础设施不做大型建设改造的低投入原则下，通过交通组织理论和交通管理手段的合理运用，采用单向交通、错时上下学等简便而且低投入的交通组织与管理措施，对存在交通难题进行了极为有效改善，并从此得到相应启示。     

Context from a social semiotic perspective: a discourse analytical study of the children TV show,Bubble Guppies

In mainstream linguistics, context is either entirely ignored or dominantly viewed as an objective property of the external world. For instance, in sociolinguistics or pragmatics, scholars frequently attempt to learn about the meaning of words or sentences given certain social context. The social semiotic method presented in this paper challenges the objectivity of context and explores the dynamic between content and context from the perspective of Peircian semiotics. An episode of a children animations series, Bubble Guppies, where human-like mermaids learn about the mysteries of ancient Egypt, is used as a point of departure to show that content and context recursively co-construct with viewers’ participation. For instance, while there is little physical similarity between where the Guppies meet in the show’s story and a typical classroom, the context of a classroom is clearly established through the way the Guppies interact with each other and with objects they encounter. Additionally, the results indicate that learning is an important product of such context-construction, as TV viewers must constantly elaborate on events and link interactions that are perceived not as objects but as signs entangled in a growing web of symbolic system.     

Introduction: the politics of public justification

ABSTRACT

Introducing the special issue, this introduction sketches a broad frame for studying public justification. Addressing the relevance of studying this phenomenon, we contend that justificatory processes are very much at the core today’s politics. Defining the concept inclusively, we highlight the relevance of communicative agency and, at the same time, the salience of communicative contexts that enable this agency. Casting our net widely, we show how public justification is related to other, more thoroughly studied concepts, such as legitimacy, authority and power. Encouraging students of public justification to add to our understanding of justificatory processes, we highlight multiple fruitful methodological avenues for studying the concept.     

UNSTRUCTURED SOCIALIZING AND RATES OF DELINQUENCY

This article applies an individual-level routine activities perspective to explaining rates of delinquency. The theoretical analysis also links the opportunity processes of that perspective to key themes of social disorganization theory. Multilevel analyses of 4, 358 eighth-grade students from thirty-six schools in ten cities support the central hypothesis: Time spent in unstructured socializing with peers has both individual and contextual effects that explain a large share of the variation in rates of delinquency across groups of adolescents who attend different schools. In addition, parental monitoring has a very strong contextual effect on unstructured socializing, which supports the proposed integration of routine activity and social disorganization perspectives.     

论全球环境问题与现代性之检省

现代性在给人类带来福祉的同时,也使人类付出了沉重代价。在许多方面,现代社会的生态环境危机与现代性有着正相关。市场制度、工业化、消费主义以及作为现代性哲学基础的思维方式与价值观念,是导致今天环境与发展的深刻矛盾的根源。基于对传统现代性方案的反省,需要同时改变过时的观念,代之以新的理念。