Characterization of deletions in the DYS385 flanking region and null alleles associated with AZFc microdeletions in Koreans

Eight DYS385 allele size discrepancies and six DYS448 null types were detected among 708 Korean men when results of three in-house multiplex short tandem repeat (STR) systems were compared. The systems included both ordinary and reduced size amplicons. Sequence analysis revealed deletion mutations at two sites upstream of the DYS385 core repeats and deletion of the entire DYS448 locus. At DYS385, allele size differences were one or two repeats and were dependent on the primer set used for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. Location of the primer target sequence in a flanking region of the STR, distal or proximal to the deletion, determined allele size. Two widely used commercial kits amplify DYS385 so as to include the mutable sites. Arrangement analysis of sequence tagged sites demonstrated that the deletion patterns at DYS448 (and DYS464) were associated with arrangements of the azoospermia factor c gene (AZFc). The DYS448 deletion appears relatively frequent in Asians.     

Analysis of forensic SNPs in the canine mtDNA HV1 mutational hotspot region

A 60 bp sequence variation hotspot in the canine mitochondrial DNA hypervariable region 1 was evaluated for its use in forensic investigations. Nineteen haplotypes containing 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms were observed among laboratory-generated and GenBank-derived domestic dog sequences representing five regional localities in the U.S. Samples from the different localities were highly variable with the levels of intra-population variability being similar among the populations studied. AMOVA further confirmed that there was no significant genetic structuring of the populations. Assays using these haplotypes were robust, canid specific and portend a rapid method for correctly excluding individual dogs as noncontributors of forensic evidence. Species-specificity of the primers was confirmed by means of in-tube polymerase chain reaction of human and cat DNA and in-silico assessment of the genomes of several animal species. Breed-specific fragments were not detected among the common haplotypes but there is evidence that this assay may be capable of differentiating domestic dog, wolf, and coyote sequences.     

Postmortem changes of human bodies on the bathyal sea floor--two cases of aircraft accidents above the open sea

Forensic taphonomy in the marine context recently received growing attention. However, only limited information is available about the fate of human bodies at greater sea depth. Following two fatal aircraft accidents (west of Namibia, south of Sicily) human remains were recovered from a depth of 540-580 m (both cases) after 3 months (Namibia)/34 days (Sicily). In the Namibia case fully skeletonized bones were lifted. In the Sicily case a complete, dressed body was found exhibiting a partially skeletonized skull, starting adipocere formation and pink teeth. The rate and mode of decomposition of human bodies in the deep sea varies considerably and is mainly influenced by the local faunal composition. Of special relevance for the understanding of both cases was the oceanographic observation that the highly efficient necrophageous lyssianassids are abundant off Namibia but are rare in the Mediterranean, emphasizing the importance of collaboration of forensic and marine scientists in such case work.     

ASEAN AND CHINA IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA DISPUTES

The South China Sea disputes involve both island and maritime claims among sovereign states and the issue has long been a point of debate in international politics. It involves not only the countries in dispute but also other major world powers, including the United States. Its important strategic location and the abundant resources make the South China Sea a target of contention among the claimant countries. The arbitral ruling in July 2016 gives a new momentum to the dispute. The article examines the strategic relations of China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) by analyzing the positions and steps taken by ASEAN and China, as well as ASEAN-China joint initiatives. It also discusses the challenges and viable solutions to the dispute.     

清代征服雷公山地区苗族聚居地方的几个问题研究

清雍正年间改土归流以前的雷公山地区是中央王朝的势力没有渗入的苗族聚居区。范围包括现在的黔东南州雷山县全境和台江县的大部分地方。清王朝从雍正六年开始征服雷公山地区的生苗聚居区,至雍正十一年征服现台江地区后,中央政府开始直接控制整个雷公山地区。     

金正恩时代的朝鲜和图们江区域的中俄朝合作

朝鲜的稳定发展和朝鲜半岛的无核化,符合我国利益。西方力图颠覆朝鲜政权。朝鲜政权能够生存,关键在于高层领导内部的求同存异、精诚团结,并得益于有效地强化政治教育、对西方渗透的严防死守。金正恩成为领袖,将集全权于一身,独自领导朝鲜。朝鲜的经济体制正在发生变化,"中产阶级"的代表已经出现,原始的资本主义方式成为许多朝鲜人谋生的手段。金正恩需要改变朝鲜的贫穷状况,让人民富裕,出现了改革的舆论和迹象。近年,中俄两国均积极采取措施帮助朝鲜改善管理制度、培育造血功能。中朝共同开发、共同管理罗先区和黄金坪、威化岛,俄罗斯推出俄朝韩三方合作新模式。目前朝鲜投资风险大,预期回报率低。建议中俄应排除干扰,求同存异,积极探索互相配合、分担和分摊风险、减轻负担,有利各方的合作途径。充分发挥中国政府的图们江开发战略和中俄两国元首签署的区域合作规划战略的作用,进一步深入开展合作。     

Australia and the Developing World under the Abbott Coalition Government

The Abbott Coalition government, elected to office in Australia in September 2013, has not had a major focus on the developing world. Nevertheless, in terms of substance this government has been engaged with a number of issues that relate to, or have implications for, the developing world. At a general level these issues concern development cooperation, refugees and asylum seekers, and climate change. At a regional level Australia has had particular concerns relating to Indonesia and the Pacific island countries; there has also been some focus on India and Indian Ocean regionalism. Beyond Australia’s immediate region there has been engagement in some issues relating to Southwest Asia and the Middle East, and Africa. The government’s approach to issues concerning the developing world reflects its pragmatism based on a perception of Australian interests and an identification with the countries of the developed world as led by the United States.     

浅析解决南海争端的策略——基于博弈论的视角

南海地区自古就是中国领土。随着南海地区丰富资源的发现,周边国家纷纷染指南中国海,侵占南海海域,对我国的主权提出了严峻挑战。对于南海相关各方,如何在维护地区和平的前提下解决南海争端就成了备受关注的话题。本文基于博弈论的视角,就相关各方解决南海争端的策略进行简要分析,以期为解决南海问题建言献策。     

我国海域物权的法律分析

中华人民共和国物权法对海域物权的规定,标志着我国海域物权法律规定的进一步完善。文章从创设海域物权的法律根据、我国海域物权的性质以及海域物权的公示制度三个方面对我国海域物权的法律规定进行了探讨,并在此基础上对海域的界定和养殖海域使用权的问题提出了自己的分析和见解。     

论民族自治地方政府行政理念的创新

当前,民族自治地方政府主要应该确立以下理念:"自主与自治"的行政理念、"平等、团结和共同繁荣"的民族关系理念、"顾客至上、以人为本"的服务型政府理念、"有所为,有所不为"的有限政府理念、"法律至上"的法治政府理念、"为公众利益负责"的责任政府理念、"高效行政"的有效政府理念.